Neuro 1 Flashcards by Moses ‎

The origin of the “parasympathetic “preganglionic fibers supplying the urinary bladder is:

a. Lumbar spinal cord segments L1,2,3
b. Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
c. Inferior mesenteric ganglion
d. Sacral spinal cord segments 2,3,4

d. Sacral spinal cord segments 2,3,4

Inferior mesenteric ganglion -
sexual organs

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus - thorax & abdomen

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A 42 yo woman with metastatic breast
cancer is known to have tumors in the intervertebral foramina between the 4 th and 5 th cervical and between the 4 th and 5th cervical vertebrae. Which of the following spinal nerves may be damaged?

a. Fourth cervical and fourth thoracic
b. Fifth cervical and fifth thoracic
c. Fourth cervical and fifth thoracic
d. Fifth cervical and fourth thoracic
e. third cervical and fourth thoracic

d. Fifth cervical and fourth thoracic

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this reflex with a C6 component, primarily
indicates the neurologic integrity of C5:

a. triceps reflex
b. brachioradialis reflex
c. biceps reflex
d. jaw reflex
e. flexor reflex

c. biceps reflex

biceps C5*-C6
brachiorads C5-C6*
triceps C6-C7*
knee jerk L3 L4*
Ankel jerk S1* S2

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the relationship of vertebral levels to cord
segments and to spinal roots are as follows;
EXCEPT

I. The C1 root has no sensory component
II. There are eight cervical cord segments
and roots but only 7 vertebrae
III. The C8 root exits below C7 vertebra and from there down numbered roots leave below the correspondingly
numbered vertebrae
IV. In the cervical region, the cord segments approximate the corresponding numbered vertebra, and the roots leave the cord nearly a right angle

a. All of these
b. I,II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. None of these

e. None of these

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During heavy exercise, there is an increase in
sympathetic activity. This would result in vasocontriction of the following organs

I. Kidneys
II. Liver
III. Splanchnic organs
IV. Skeletal muscles

a. All of these
b. I,II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. Only IV

b. I,II and III

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The iliopsoas myotome is represented by:
a. L1, L2
b. L2, L3
c. L2, L3,L4
d. L3,L4

b. L2, L3

L2, L3,L4 - QUADS

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The following statements are true of lesions of
the posterior roots:

I. Loss of sensation in a dermatomal distribution is apparent
II. Frequent cause of injury is herniation of
nucleus pulposus
III. Injury usually results in pain and paresthesia that occur in the distribution of the affected roots
IV. There is no loss of associated muscle
reflex

a. All of these
b. I,II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. None of these

b. I,II and III

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Which cranial nerve/s is/are not connected with the sympathetic nervous system?

a. Facial
b. Oculomotor
c. Vagus
d. Trigeminal
e. all of these

e. all of these

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. The following statements describe the patellar
reflex; EXCEPT

I. A deep tendon reflex mediated through
nerves emanating from L2,L3 and L4
neurological levels
II. For clinical application, the patellar
reflex is to be considered an L4 reflex
III. While the reflex may be significantly
diminished, it is rarely totally absent
IV. Even if the L4 nerve root is pathologically involved, the reflex may
still be present

a. All of these
b. None of these
c. I,II and III
d. I and III
e. II and IV

b. None of these

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Deep tendon reflexes, i.e. knee jerk are:

a. Polysynaptic reflex response
b. Monosynaptic reflex response
c. Both of these
d. None of these

b. Monosynaptic reflex response - DTRs

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The dorsal root of the spinal cord allows the
passage of these fibers

a. Somatic efferent fibers
b. Visceral efferent fibers
c. Somatic afferent fibers
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c

c. Somatic afferent fibers

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A possible C7 nerve root lesion would include
which manifestation?

a. Present biceps reflex
b. Weak wrist extension
c. Absent elbow extension
d. Present triceps reflex
e. None of these

a. Present biceps reflex

Triceps - C5-T1

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A posterolateral protrusion of the IV disc between L5-S1 vertebrae would most likely affect which of the following spinal nerves?

a. L3
b. L4
c. L5
d. S1
e. S2

d. S1

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Human peripheral nervous system is composed
of____

a. 10 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of the
spinal nerves
b. 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 33 pairs of the
spinal nerves
c. 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of the
spinal nerves
d. 10 pairs of cranial nerves, 33 pairs of the
spinal nerves

c. 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of the spinal nerves

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Which part of the brain exerts the greatest
controlling influence on functions subserved by
the ANS?

a. Thalamus
b. Cerebral cortex
c. Midbrain
d. Hypothalamus
e. Limbic system

d. Hypothalamus - homeostasis

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sensation of the medial arm is supplied by which neurologic level?

a. C5
b. C7
c. C8
d. T1

d. T1

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Due to its connection with post ganglionic
neurons, it constricts the pupil and is included
in light and accommodation and reflexes:

a. CN 2
b. CN 4
c. CN 3
d. CN 5

c. CN 3

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Sympathetic nerve damage consistent with
Horner’s syndrome include the following manifestations, EXCEPT:

I. Ptosis
II. Meiosis
III. Anhydrosis
IV. Exopthalmos

a. All of these
b. I,II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. None of these

d. II and IV

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The following statements apply to the dorsal
root ganglia:

a. Round cells with one process leaving the
body
b. Origin of afferent sensory fibers
c. Both of these
d. None of these

c. Both of these

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The ECRL/ECRB represents the ____ myotome:

a. C5
b. C5,C6
c. C7
d. C8
e. T1

b. C5,C6

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A strip-like area of skin supplied by one pair of
spinal nerves is known as a ____

a. Sclerotome
b. Myotome
c. Spinal nerve
d. Dermatome
e. Viscerotome

d. Dermatome

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous
system will result in:

a. Tachycardia
b. Increased in cardiac contractility
c. Increased blood pressure
d. Bradycardia
e. All of these

d. Bradycardia

23. Neck flexion isometric movements is a test for
muscles innervated by roots:
a. C3-C4
b. C1-C2
c. C5-C6
d. C4-C5

b. C1-C2

Effects of Sympathetic nervous system activity
include the following, EXCEPT:

a. Pupillary dilation
b. Acceleration of heart rate
c. Dilation of blood vessels of the extremities
and trunk
d. Inhibition of gastric motility
e. Secretion from the adrenal medulla

c. Dilation of blood vessels of the extremities

and trunk

25. A stress response includes all of the following, EXCEPT: a. Activation of the hypothalamus b. Increased concentration of blood glucose c. Increased blood pressure d. Increased rates of cellular metabolism e. Increased secretion of stomach glands

e. Increased secretion of stomach glands

26. All of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic nervous system are correct: I. The origins of the preganglionic neurons are sacral levels S2-S4 and cranial nerves 3,7,9,10 II. The transmitter released at preganglionic ending is acetylcholine III. The transmitter released at postganglionic ending is acetylcholine IV. Preganglionic neurons are regulated by descending fibers from the forebrain a. All of these b. I,II and III c. I and III d. III and IV e. None of these

a. All of these

27. The fight of flight reaction of the sympathetic nervous system may cause a phenomenon known as mass discharge. Common physiological responses exhibited here are ``` I. Increased awareness of environment II. Blood flow returns to viscera/ GI tract III. Glucose production and release increases IV. Pupils constrict ``` a. All of these b. I, II and III c. I and III d. II and IV e. None of these

c. I and III

28. Medial hamstring reflex: a. L5 to S2 b. L5 to S1 c. L3 to L4

b. L5 to S1 - medial Lateral - S1-S2

29. The exit point of the eight cervical nerve is: a. Below the eight cervical vertebra b. Above the eight cervical vertebra c. Below the seventh cervical vertebra d. Above the seventh cervical vertebra e. Below the first thoracic vertebra

c. Below the seventh cervical vertebra

30. The Brachial Plexus is formed by: a. Ventral rami of C5-T1 b. Dorsal rami of C5-T1 c. Ventral rami of C6-T1 d. Dorsal rami of C6-T1

a. Ventral rami of C5-T1 dorsal - posterior ventral - ant and extremities

31. Carries impulses from the CNS: a. Efferent fibers b. Afferent fibers c. Both of these d. None of these

a. Efferent fibers

32. The autonomic nervous system innervates: I. Skeletal muscles II. Cardiac muscles III. Skin IV. Smooth muscles a. All of these b. I and III c. II and IV d. Only IV e. I,II and III

c. II and IV

33. Which of the following attributes are shared by both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways? ``` I. Has long preganglionic and short post ganglionic fibers II. Uses norepinephrine in most cases for transmitter substance III. Uses acetylcholine as a ganglion transmitter IV. Innervate cardiac muscle, glands and viscera ``` a. All of these b. I,II and III c. III and IV d. II and IV

c. III and IV short pre - sympa

34. Supplied by the femoral nerve, this neurologic level spans the anterior thigh immediately at and above the knee joint: a. L2 b. L3 c. L4 d. S1 e. S2

35. Myotomal level for extensor carpi ulnaris: a. C5 b. C6 c. C8 d. C7 e. T1

c. C8

36. The spinal nerve innervating the skin over the index finger exits between these two vertebrae: a. C2-C3 b. C3-C4 c. C4-C5 d. C5-C6 e. C6-C7

d. C5-C6

37. Parasympathetic action of urinary bladder: I. Contraction of bladder II. Contraction of internal sphincter III. Relaxation of internal sphincter IV. Relaxation of bladder a. All of these b. I and III c. II and IV d. I and II e. III and IV

b. I and III

38. The popliteal fossa is the key sensory point of: a. L5 b. S3 c. S2 d. S4-S5 e. S1

c. S2

39. The paired spinal nerves are as follows: ``` I. 7 cranial pairs II. 12 thoracic pairs III. 5 lumbar pairs IV. 5 sacral pairs V. 1 coccygeal pair ``` a. All of these b. I, II, III and IV c. II,III,IV and V d. II, III and V e. I, III, V

c. II,III,IV and V

40. The sympathetic division of the ANS originates from; ``` I. The thoracic spinal segments II. Certain cranial nerve nuclei III. The upper lumbar spinal segments IV. The second, third and fourth sacral segments of the spinal cord ``` a. I,II and III b. I and III c. II and IV d. Only IV e. All of these

b. I and III

41. The following are the key muscles represented by C5 myotome: I. Deltoid II. Biceps Brachii III. Supraspinatus IV. Rhomboids a. All of these b. I,II and III c. II and IV d. None of these

a. All of these

The L5 myotome represents which of the following? a. Quadriceps (L2-L4) b. Iliopsoas (L2-L3) c. Tibialis anterior L4 d. Gastrocnemius S1 e. Extensor hallucis longus L5

e. Extensor hallucis longus L5

Sympathetic efferent to the lungs produces: a. Bronchodilation only b. Bronchoconstriction only c. Bronchodilation, vasoconstriction d. Bronchoconstriction, vasodilation

c. Bronchodilation, vasoconstriction

44. The great parasympathetic nerve innervates the thorax and abdomen: a. CN 7 b. CN 10 c. CN 9 d. CN 3 e. CN 5

b. CN 10

45. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter of the: ``` I. Myoneural junction II. Post-Ganglionic sweat glands III. Pre-ganglionic autonomic endings IV. Majority of the post-ganglionic sympathetic endings ``` a. All of these b. I,II and III c. I and III d. II and IV e. None of these

b. I,II and III

46. Synaptic transmission in autonomic ganglia is primarily: a. Noradrenergic b. Serotonergic c. Cholinergic d. Gabaergic e. Peptidergic

c. Cholinergic

47. Acetylcholine is released at the vagal nerve endings through the stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves to the heart. Effects of this include: ``` a. Increases the transmission of cardiac impulse to the ventricles b. Increases the rate of rhythm of the Sinus Node c. Both of these d. NOTA ```

NOTA

A patient with a diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy reports numbness on the lateral arm. The therapist would most likely find a diminished tendon reflex in : a. Triceps b. Biceps c. Brachioradialis d. Deltoid

b. Biceps

Effects of the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation include the following, EXCEPT: I. Pupils constrict II. Blood flow returns to viscera/GI tract III. Decreased awareness of environment IV. Glucose production and release increases a. All of these b. I,II and III c. I and III d. Only IV e. None of these

d. Only IV

The parasympathetic outflow originating from the S2 to S4 spinal segments is primarily responsible for mediating: a. Ejaculation b. Psychogenic Erection c. Reflexogenic Erection d. Both psychogenic and Reflexogenic erection e. All of these

c. Reflexogenic Erection