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Post Lec Exam > Cell Muscle Nerve Physio > Flashcards

Cell Muscle Nerve Physio Flashcards

1
Q
  1. In contrast to a nerve action potential, a muscle action potential has a _________.
    a. Slower conduction velocity
    b. Lower overshoot
    c. More negative resting membrane potential
    d. Shorter duration
A

Slower conduction velocity

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2
Q
  1. The central bare zone of the sarcomere has no heads but only tails of the myosin. This is the _________ zone.
    a. Pseudo A
    b. H
    c. I
    d. Pseudo H
A

Pseudo H

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3
Q
  1. Of the body fluid compartments, the largest is occupied by:
    a. Extracellular fluid
    b. Intracellular
    c. Interstitial fluid
    d. Plasma
    e. Transcellular fluid
A

Intracellular fluid

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4
Q
  1. The most abundant cation intracellularly is:
    a. Sodium
    b. Potassium
    c. Proteins
    d. Bicarbonate
    e. Chloride
A

Potassium

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5
Q
  1. Efferent fibers of the muscle spindle come from the:
    a. All of these
    b. alpha motor neuron
    c. Gamma motor neuron
    d. extrafusal muscle
A

Gamma motor neuron

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6
Q
  1. The Glucose uses what type of cell transport?
    a. Simple Diffusion
    b. Osmosis
    c. Facilitated Diffusion
    d. Primary Active Transport
    e. Secondary Active Transport
A

Facilitated Diffusion

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7
Q
  1. The plasma membrane of a typical cell is ampiphatic in nature which means:
    a. It has a hydrophilic tail, and hydrophobic
    head
    b. All lipid molecules are hydrophobic
    c. All lipid molecules are hydrophilic
    d. The plasma membrane is a non-selective barrier
    e. It has a hydrophilic head, and a hydrophobic tail
A

It has a hydrophilic head, and a hydrophobic tail

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8
Q
  1. They function in the synthesis of protein cells and are composed of a mixture of ribonucleic acid and proteins:
    a. Peroxisomes
    b. Glycoproteins
    c. Ribosomes
    d. Lysosomes
    e. Rough ER
A

Ribosomes

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9
Q
  1. A stack of flattened sacs which modify and package the proteins sent by the endoplasmic reticulum:
    a. Smooth ER
    b. Mitochondria
    c. Peroxisomes
    d. Golgi Tendon Organ
    e. None of these
A

None of these

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10
Q
  1. In the cell, the lysosomes function as
    a. Site of protein synthesis
    b. Powerhouse of the cell
    c. Detoxification of harmful substances and poison
    d. Demolition site that degrades worn out cells
    e. Directs mitotic spindles
A

Demolition site that degrades worn out cells

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11
Q
  1. Which among the following would diffuse through the plasma membrane most easily?
    a. Oxygen d. Proteins
    b. Na ions e. Glucose
    c. Bacteria
A

Oxygen

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12
Q
  1. Diffusion occurs faster if:
    a. Temperature is lower
    b. Molecular size is bigger
    c. Higher partition coefficient
    d. All of these
    e. None of these
A

Higher partition coefficient

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13
Q
  1. In this phase of Mitosis, the centrioles are at the opposite ends of the cell poles and the chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary line equidistant between the two poles. This sequence belongs to what phase?
    a. Prophase c. Anaphase
    b. Metaphase d. Telophase
    c. Anaphase II
A

Metaphase

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14
Q
  1. In which phase of Mitosis does the cleavage furrow appear?
    a. Prophase
    b. Telophase
    a. Anaphase
    b. Metaphase
    c. NOTA
A

Telophase

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15
Q

“Sex cell” division is termed:

a. Meiosis d. ptosis
b. Mitosis e. Phagocytosis
c. Miosis

A

Meiosis

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16
Q

Mitosis ends with “Diploid” daughter cells which have how many pairs of chromosomes each?

a. 2 d. 46
b. 4 e. 92
c. 23

A

23

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17
Q

The Na K ATPase pump:

a. Pumps 2 Na ions out, 3 K ions in
b. Pumps 3 Na ions in, 2 K ions out
c. Pumps 3 Na ions out, 2 K ions in
d. Pumps 2 Na ions in, 3 K ions out
e. Pumps 3 Na ions out, 2 K ions out

A

Pumps 3 Na ions out, 2 K ions in

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18
Q

In contrast to axons, dendrites are typically:

a. Thinner
b. Receive more synaptic contacts
c. Product one or more synaptic end feet
d. longer

A

Receive more synaptic contacts

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19
Q
  1. The site where action potentials are initiated in a motor neuron:
    a. Axon hillock d. Cell body
    b. Initial segment e. Myelin
    c. First node of Ranvier
A

Initial segment

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20
Q
  1. When a neuron is positively charged on the outside and negatively charged inside it is in:
    a. Action potential
    b. Local potential
    c. Resting Membrane Potential
    d. Depolarization
    e. Hyperpolarization
A

Resting Membrane Potential

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21
Q
  1. Resting membrane potential of the skeletal muscle?
    a. 70 mV d. -90 mV
    b. -70 mV
    c. 90 mV e. -60 mV
A

-90mV

22
Q
  1. What structure stores and releases calcium ions during the contractile process?
    a. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
    b. Myosin
    c. Myofilament
    d. Tubules
A

SR

23
Q
  1. Depolarization is initiated when this enters the neuron:
    a. Potassium
    b. Magnesium
    c. Chloride
    d. Sodium
    e. Permanganate
A

Sodium

24
Q
  1. A decrease in resting membrane potential, making it more positive is:
    a. Depolarization
    b. Membrane denervation
    c. Hyperpolarization
    d. Action potential degradation
    e. Variable conductance
A

Depolarization

25
Q
  1. The nerve fiber that transmits sharp, acute, pricking pain:
    a. Small myelinated nerve fiber
    b. Small unmyelinated nerve fiber
    c. Medium myelinated nerve fiber
    d. Large myelinated nerve fiber
    e. Small myelinated nerve fiber
A

Small myelinated nerve fiber

26
Q
  1. During this phase of the action potential, all sodium channels are closed so that any stimulus no matter how strong would not cause further depolarization of the neuron:
    a. Relative refractory period
    b. Resting membrane potential
    c. Supranormal perioid
    d. Overshoot phase
    e. Absolute Refractory period
A

Absolute Refractory period

27
Q
  1. This type of summation occurs when many presynaptic terminals are stimulated at the same time
    a. Spatial Summation
    b. Renshaw Inhibition
    c. Temporal Summation
    d. Subliminal Fringe
    e. Presynaptic Facilitation
A

Spatial Summation

28
Q
  1. As action potential travels over the muscle fiber membrane, large quantities of calcium ions are released which activate the forces between filaments to initiate contraction. This causes the ______.
    a. Myosin filaments to slide outward among the actin filaments
    b. Actin filament to slide outward among the myosin filaments
    c. Myosin filaments to slide inward among the actin filament
    d. Actin filaments to slide inward among the myosin filaments
A

Actin filaments to slide inward among the myosin filaments

29
Q
  1. A bundle of muscle fiber in the skeletal muscles is called: ________
    a. Fasciculus
    b. Myofilaments
    c. Myofibrils
    d. Sarcomere
A

Fasciculus

30
Q
  1. Type Ia afferents in the muscle spindle is/are also known as:
    a. Annulospiral nerve endings
    b. Flowerspray nerve endings
    c. Alpha motor neuron
    d. Gamma motor neuron
    e. A beta nerve fibers
A

Annulospiral nerve endings

31
Q
  1. The following statement describes the principle of all or none law, EXCEPT:
    a. Physiologic mechanism exist for fine
    gradation of the force of muscle contraction
    b. The law applies only to individual motor units
    c. All muscle fibers in a given motor unit
    contract or relax simultaneously
    d. Activated muscle fibers contract maximally if
    the nerve activates the motor fibers of a motor unit sufficiently
    e. In the same motor unit, it is possible for some
    muscle fiber to contract while others are relaxed
A

In the same motor unit, it is possible for some

muscle fiber to contract while others are relaxed

32
Q
  1. True about the myelin sheath:
    a. Increases conduction velocity in large A beta and C fibers
    b. Absent at the nodes of Ranvier thereby facilitating saltatory conduction
    c. The Myelin sheath acts as a conductor of electricity
    d. A and B
    e. All of these are correct
A

Absent at the nodes of Ranvier thereby facilitating saltatory conduction

33
Q
  1. Glial cell responsible for myelin production in the PNS
    a. Oligodendrocytes
    b. Ependydymal
    c. Schwann cells
    d. Microglia
    e. Astrocytes
A

Schwann cells

34
Q
  1. The connective tissue that covers individual muscle bundle:
    a. Epimysium
    b. Perineurium
    c. Perimysium
    d. Subcutaneous fascia
    e. Endomysium
A

Perimysium

35
Q
  1. The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called:
    a. Sarcoplasm
    b. Sarcolemma
    c. Sarcomere
    d. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
    e. Neurolemma
A

Sarcomere

36
Q
  1. The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called:
    a. Sarcoplasm
    b. Sarcolemma
    c. Sarcomere
    d. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
    e. Neurolemma
A

Sarcolemma

37
Q
  1. Type of nerve fiber that has the fastest conduction:
    a. Large myelinated axons
    b. small myelinated axons
    c. Small unmyelinated axon
    d. large unmyelinated axon
A

Large myelinated axons

38
Q
  1. The main neurotransmitter of the neuromuscular junction:
    a. Calcium
    b. Acetylcholine
    c. Serotonin
    d. Norepinephrine
    e. Epinephrine
A

ACH

39
Q
  1. This thin filament has a high affinity for calcium:
    a. Troponin I
    b. Troponin C
    c. Troponin T
    d. Actin
    e. Tropomyosin
A

Troponin C

40
Q
  1. Which among the following is the correct sequence for muscle contraction?
    I. Action potentials arrive at the presynaptic terminal
    II. Troponin C of the actin filament binds with Calcium
    III. Acetylcholine is released in the synaptic cleft
    IV. Power stroke occurs
    V. ATP attaches to the myosin head

a. I II III IV V
b. I III II V IV
c. I II IV III V
d. none of these
e. I III II IV V

A

E. I III II IV V

41
Q
  1. Where is the T-system (triad) located in the skeletal muscle?
    a. Between A and I band
    b. At the Z line
    c. At the M line
    d. Between A band and H zone
    e. None of these
A

Between A and I band

42
Q
  1. Which of the following does NOT properly describe a sarcomere?
    a. The M line divides the A band
    b. I band contains thin filaments
    c. The H zone contains thin and thick filaments
    d. Width of I band changes during contraction, A band does not
    e. Actin filaments slide toward each other during contraction
A

The H zone contains “thin” and thick filaments

43
Q
  1. True of thin filaments:
    a. Actin is the only thin filament
    b. Consists of two heads: one is a binding site for ATP, the other is for the formation of cross bridges
    c. Its backbone is a double stranded filamentous G actin, made of individual globular molecules called F actin
    d. Tropomyosin spiral around the binding sites and attached intermittently are troponin molecules altogether forming a troponin-tropomyosin complex
    e. None of these
A

Tropomyosin spiral around the binding sites and attached intermittently are troponin molecules altogether forming a troponin-tropomyosin complex

44
Q
  1. In comparing electron micrographs of a relaxed skeletal muscle fiber and a fully contracted muscle fiber which would be seen only in the relaxed fiber?
    a. Z lines d. A bands
    b. Triads e. H zones
    c. Myosin
A

H zone

45
Q
  1. Which of the following generates the lowest tension?
    a. Fast concentric
    b. Slow concentric
    c. Fast eccentric
    d. Slow eccentric
    e. Isometric
A

Fast concentric

46
Q
  1. Skeletal muscle contraction stops when:
    a. ATP is released from myosin
    b. Decreased concentration of intracellular
    calcium ions
    c. Ionization of cell
    d. Sodium pump reversal
    e. Depolarization of the cell
A

Decreased concentration of intracellular

calcium ions

47
Q
  1. In skeletal muscles, the T tubules in the sarcotubular system functions to provide a pathway for action potentials to reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum where calcium is released. The “triad” involves a T-tubule and two Endoplasmic Reticulum.
    a. Both statements are true
    b. Both statements are false
    c. Only the first statement is true
    d. Only the second statement is true
    e. Cannot be determined
A

Only the first statement is true

48
Q
  1. The movement of Ca+ ions across the membrane is mainly by:
    a. active transport
    c. passive diffusion
    b. facilitated diffusion
    d. osmosis
A

active transport

49
Q
  1. Not a part of the muscle spindle:
    a. Annulo-spiral ending
    b. Intrafusal fibers
    c. Extrafusal fibers
    d. Flower spray ending
    e. NOTA
A

Extrafusal fibers

50
Q

“Cell Drinking mechanism”

a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Phagocytosis
d. Pinocytosis
e. Active transport

A

Pinocytosis

Post Lec Exam (14 decks)

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