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2017 - medsci 2/2 > Renal - Anatomy and histology > Flashcards

Renal - Anatomy and histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the kidneys primary function?

A

To collect fluids from the blood by filtration and change the composition of the fluid by selectively returning or keeping substances back to the blood stream or tissues

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2
Q

Label the external kidney structure

A
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3
Q

What is the function of the renal capsule?

A

To create a physical barrier to protect against trauma and maintain the shape of the kidney

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4
Q

What is the function of the adipose capsule?

A

Provides padding for the physical protection of kidney and maintains the position of the kidney

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5
Q

What is the function of the renal fascia?

A

Anchos the kidneys to the surrounding structures

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6
Q

Label the diagram

A
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7
Q

How many lobes does the human kidney have?

A

8 - 12

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8
Q

What are the two types of calyces?

A

Minor calyx and major calyx

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9
Q

What does the ureter do?

A

Transports the urine filtered from the kidney to the bladder

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10
Q

What is the difference between the minor and major calyx?

A

Minor calyx is a smaller and major calyx is larger

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11
Q

What is the plural of calyx?

A

calyces

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12
Q

What does the renal pelvis connect?

A

Connects the major calyx to the ureter

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13
Q

What is the outside and the inside of the kidney called?

A

Outside = renal cortex

Inside = renal medulla

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14
Q

Label the arteries on the diagram

A
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15
Q

What is the name of the blood vessels that line the cortical medullary boundary? Why is it named that?

A

Arcuate arterie

Because they ARC

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16
Q

What do the arcuate arteries feed into?

A

Interlobular arteries

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17
Q

What do the arcuate arteries feed into?

A

Interlobular arteries

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18
Q

What is the difference between interlobular and interlobular arteries?

A

Interlobular is from the renal medulla to the cortex

Interlobar is the arteries between the lobes

19
Q

Label the diagram

A
20
Q

What is the difference between afferent and efferent arteriole?

A

Afferent are going to the kidney, efferent = away

21
Q

What makes up the glomerulus?

A

Glomerular capillaries

22
Q

Where does filtration of the blood occur?

A

In the glomerulus

23
Q

How does blood get into the glomerulus?

A

Blood is carried by the afferent arterioles into the glomerular capillaries

24
Q

Where does the filtered blood go?

A

Through the efferent arterioles to the

25
Q

What is the function of the peritubular capillaries of the cortex?

A

Supplies nutrients to the Nephrons

26
Q

What is the relative oxygen concentration of the ascending and descending vasa recta? Why?

A

The descending has high O2 because it is coming from the efferent arteriole while the ascending has low O2 because it is returning to the interlobular vein oxygenating the nephrons

27
Q

What does parenchyma mean? Give an example of this in the lungs and kidney

A

It is the function portion of an organ, i.e. nephrons or alveoli

28
Q

What is the glomerulus contained in?

A

The renal corpuscle

29
Q

What does corpuscle mean?

A

Some kind of structure that is contained

30
Q

What are the two component that make up the renal corpuscle?

A

The glomerulus capillaries and the glomerular capsule

31
Q

What is the glomerular capsule?

A

The epithelium that surrounds the corpuscle

32
Q

What is the structure of the glomerular capsule?

A

Visceral membrane (inside) = podocytes (modified epithelium)

Parietal membrane (outside) = simple squamous epithelium

33
Q

Label the diagram, what is it showing?

A

Showing the renal corpuscle

34
Q

What is the filtration unit of the renal corpuscle?

A

The podocytes

35
Q

Label the diagram, what is it showing?

A

Showing the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle

36
Q

What is the function of the fenestration?

A

It makes the endothelial layer leaky by allowing all solutes to pass through (but not cells!)

37
Q

What is the function of the basal lamina of the glomerulus?

A

Prevents filtration of larger proteins

38
Q

What is the purpose of the slit membrane between pedicles (‘legs’ of the podocytes)?

A

Prevents filtration of medium sized proteins

39
Q

What makes the basal membrane of the filtration membrane?

A

It is made from the intersection of the two layers between the arteriole and the podocyte (endothelial cells [fenestrations] and slit membrane)

40
Q

The filtration membrane of the glomerulus has three levels of filtration, what are they and what do they filter out?

A

1 - Fenestrations, cells

2 - Basal lamina, large proteins

3 - Slit membrane, medium proteins

41
Q

What happens happens if the space between filtration membranes gets clogged up?

A

The debris gets cleared by immune cells

42
Q

Label the diagram, what is it showing?

A

The Loop of Henle

43
Q

What does the collecting duct do?

A

Collects the absorbed nutrients from multiple nephrons and feeds it into the papillary duct

44
Q

What is the pathway from the Loop of Henle to the bladder?

A

INSET Pathway of urine, Absorbed nutrients from the loop of Henle get fed into a shared collecting duct which get transported into the papillary duct and is then transported in to the minor calyx then major calyx and into the ureter which feeds into the urinary bladder

2017 - medsci 2/2 (16 decks)

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