Digestive - 1 Flashcards
What is the the structure of the digestive system?
A gut tube (i.e. mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) and two large glands (pancreas and liver)
What is the function of the digestive system?
Store, break down and absorb food
Label the diagram
What is dentine very similar to? How is it different?
It is very similar to bone
However the tissue producing cells, odontoblasts, are not found within the tissue, instead near the border
What makes enamel special within the body?
It is the hardest substance in the body
What is enamel made of?
Crystalline rods/prisms of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, there are NO cells
Because enamel has no cells in it, how does this affect its function?
It doesn’t receive any sensation
What is the function of the cementum?
It is the connective tissue covering the root
What are the periodontal ligaments?
They are collagen fibres linking the bone of the socket to the cementum
What is the function of the periodontal ligament?
They connect the bone into the socket
What is a property of the periodontal ligament that allows it have more than just tooth to jaw attachment properties?
It has a very large surface area
What is imbedded inside the periodontal ligaments and what is its functions?
Mechano receptors
Measures pressure and initiates a reflective paralytic response if sudden pressure is exerted on the teeth (i.e. stops the bone from further crushing itself = protection)
It allows for the teeth to readjust their position within the jaw by getting the osteoclasts (C for cut off) to break down and osteoblasts (B for build up) to build up bone is the direction needed
What vitamin is essential for periodontal ligament synthesis? What is the condition where there is a deficiency of this, what does it cause and why?
Vitamin C
Scurvy causes the teeth to fall out because there is high turnover of the collagen fibres in the periodontal ligament and without be able to synthesis new collagen fibres anchoring the teeth to the jaw, the will fall out
What is the function of the pulp?
It is the medium which blood vessels, nerves and lymphs travel through
What kind of muscle is the tongue made of?
Skeletal muscle
Label the different types of papillae, which one has taste buds on it?
Vallate papillae have lots of taste buds on them
What are the three types of salivary glands?
What are the different ways which the gut tube can increase its surface area?
What are the four layers/tunics of the small intestine?
What are each of the components of the small intestine (label the diagram)?
