renal anatomy Flashcards
What are the main functional units of the kidney?
Nephrons
True or False: The kidneys are responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.
True
What is the name of the outer layer of the kidney?
Renal capsule
Fill in the blank: The renal cortex is located ______ to the renal medulla.
Superficial
What structure in the nephron is responsible for filtration?
Glomerulus
What is the primary role of the renal tubule?
Reabsorption and secretion
Which part of the nephron is primarily involved in the reabsorption of water?
Loop of Henle
True or False: The renal pelvis collects urine before it moves to the ureters.
True
What is the role of the collecting duct in the nephron?
Concentrates urine
What hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? A) Regulation of blood pressure B) Filtration of blood C) Production of bile D) Regulation of electrolytes
C) Production of bile
What is the primary function of the kidneys in pH regulation?
Excretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate
Fill in the blank: The kidneys help maintain acid-base balance by adjusting the levels of ______ in the blood.
Bicarbonate
True or False: The kidneys can excrete excess acid to help regulate blood pH.
True
What is the normal pH range of human blood?
7.35 to 7.45
What is the role of bicarbonate in the blood?
Buffering agent to maintain pH
Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions could result from renal failure? A) Metabolic acidosis B) Respiratory alkalosis C) Hyperventilation D) Dehydration
A) Metabolic acidosis
What is the significance of the renal threshold?
It is the concentration at which a substance begins to appear in urine.
Which part of the nephron is mainly involved in the secretion of potassium?
Distal convoluted tubule
True or False: The ureters are responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
True
What is the function of the renal artery?
Supplies blood to the kidneys
What is the primary waste product excreted by the kidneys?
Urea
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a network of capillaries where blood filtration occurs.
Glomerulus
What role do the kidneys play in electrolyte balance?
Regulate levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate
Multiple Choice: Which of the following ions is primarily secreted by the kidneys to help regulate pH? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Hydrogen D) Chloride
C) Hydrogen
True or False: The renal system can compensate for respiratory acidosis.
True
What is the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Regulates blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate
Which hormone is secreted in response to low blood pressure?
Renin
Fill in the blank: The ______ limb of the Loop of Henle is permeable to water.
Descending
What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys regulate blood pH?
Reabsorption of bicarbonate and secretion of hydrogen ions
True or False: The kidneys can produce glucose through gluconeogenesis.
True
What is the effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?
Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion
What is the significance of the countercurrent multiplication system?
It enables the kidneys to concentrate urine.
Fill in the blank: The renal ______ is the functional part of the kidney that includes the cortex and medulla.
Parenchyma
Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of glucose? A) Proximal convoluted tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
What is the role of the renal vein?
Drains blood from the kidneys
True or False: The kidneys can directly alter blood pressure.
False
What is the primary function of the urethra?
Transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
Fill in the blank: The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating the body’s ______ balance.
Fluid
What is the primary site of filtration in the nephron?
Bowman’s capsule
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common indicator of kidney function? A) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) B) Blood glucose C) Serum calcium D) Serum potassium
A) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
What is the effect of parathyroid hormone on the kidneys?
Increases calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion
True or False: The kidneys are located retroperitoneally.
True
What is the primary function of the renal corpuscle?
Filtration of blood to form urine
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the nephron where the majority of solute and water reabsorption occurs.
Proximal convoluted tubule
What is the significance of urine concentration?
It reflects the body’s hydration status and kidney function.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes the function of the Loop of Henle? A) Reabsorption of glucose B) Concentration of urine C) Filtration of blood D) Secretion of electrolytes
B) Concentration of urine
What is the role of the bladder in the urinary system?
Stores urine until it is excreted
True or False: The kidneys produce urine continuously.
True
What is the effect of dehydration on kidney function?
It leads to increased reabsorption of water and concentrated urine.
