Renal Anatomy

Question 1

This structure maintains an isosmotic gradient regardless of plasma osmolarity?

Answer 1

Proximal Tubule

Question 2

This structure is permeable to water and uses passive diffusion of H20 to concentrates urine

Answer 2

Thin Descending Loop of Henle

Question 3

This structure is impermeable to water and uses active transport to drive sodium reabsorption

Answer 3

Thick Ascending Loop of Henle

Question 4

This structure has the highest corticopapillary osmotic gradient

Answer 4

Renal Medulla

Question 5

The renal cortex contains what two important structures of the nephron

Answer 5

convoluted & collecting tubules

Question 6

the renal pyramids are in the

Answer 6

renal medulla

Question 7

Contents of the medulla empty into the….

Answer 7

major & minor calyx

Question 8

this area is where the papillary ducts of the medulla empty their contents into the calyces

Answer 8

area cribrosa

Question 9

the blank receives 90% of the blood supply while the blank receives only 10%

Answer 9

cortex; medulla

Question 10

the vasa recta supply which renal structure?

Answer 10

renal medulla

Question 11

which structure holds the glomerulus

Answer 11

renal corpuscle

Question 11

what is the function of podocytes

Answer 11

help the glomerulus w/ producing ultrafiltrate via foot processes that keep certain things in or out

Question 11

mesangial cells are contained in the

Answer 11

glomerulus

Question 12

The GBM consists of

Answer 12

collagen IV, laminin & proteoglycans

Question 13

List the 3 layers of the GBM in order of which the filtrate flows

Answer 13

lamina rara interna; lamina densa; lamina rara externa

Question 14

List the 3 most important roles of the mesangial cells

Answer 14

secrete inflammatory signals in response to injury; regulate contractile forces of the glomerulus; structural support of glomerulus

Question 15

what two features of the PT brush border provide maximum absorption?

Answer 15

cuboidal epithelium & microvilli

Question 16

The macula densa can be found b/t which two structures of the nephron

Answer 16

TAL & glomerulus

Question 17

What is the main role of the macula densa?

Answer 17

Senses levels of Na+ to determine if Na+ needs to be reabsorbed or excreted; when Na+ levels are low, MD will stimulate juxtaglomerular cells in glomerulus to secrete renin to activate RAAS system