Renal Flashcards
Ddx for painless haematuria?
DM
IgA nephropathy
TB
Cancer
Smoky urine clinical sign meaning
Microscopic heamaturia
Pathophys of dysuria
5 differentials for dysuria
Pathophysiology of dysuria = irritation of bladder trigone or urethra. Both infectious + non-infectious causes. UTI/urethritis Stone Tumour Stricture Contact dermatitis
3 causes of renal colic
Stone
Clot
Tumour
6 causes of asymptomatic haematuria
IgA nephropathy SLE Bacterial endocarditis Vasculitis - polyarthritis Henoch Schlonein purpura Exercise haematuria
Which two drugs block the secretion of creatinine?
cimetidine H2 antagonist, trimethoprim Abx for cystitis/UTI
Which drugs impair renal blood flow/autoregulation
Triple whammy: NSAIDs, ARB/ACEIs, diuretics
Cyclosporine
Which medications affect the renal tubules
Amphotericin B
Cisplatin
Aminoglycosides
Which medications cause crystal-induced nephropathy
Methotrexate + acicylovir
Which medications cause rhabdomyolysis?
Statin (myopathy) and naughty drugs - cocaine, methamphetamine
Why is plasmapharesis used in glomerulonephritis? In which conditions?
If there is rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis RPGN secondary to anti-GBM disease plasmapheresis is the mainstay to remove these Abs
Also done in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis to remove LDL-C
What two renal conditions do you avoid giving ACEI
AKI
Hyperkalema
Difference between LMWH and unfractionated heparin?
unfractionated heparin better reversed protamine sulphate than LMWH - used for nephrotic syndrome VTE prophylaxis
What do clots in the urine mean?
Clots mean it is from a source that is NOT the glomerulus
Signs of hypercalcemia
Urinary stones, easy fractures (if secondary hyperparathyroidism), anorexia, N+V, constipation, polyuria + polydipsia, mental confusion
Alport’s syndrome 2 features together to ask about?
deafness + renal impairment
Most common pathogens causing UTI
Escherichia coli 90%, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus
MoA finasteride + indication
Finasteride blocks 5-alpha-reductase: enzyme that converts testosterone –> DHT.
Less dht –> less BPH.
Indicated: BPH
Why does hydronephrosis cause polyruria?
In bilateral partial hydronephrosis there wil be defective tubular function –> more wee wee, dilute, as the tubules cannot concentrate urine
Renal cell carcinoma mutation and nephroblastoma mutation
VHL tumour suppressor gene on Chr3p
WT1 on 11p
Risk factors for transitional cel carcinoma
β-naphthylamine. smoking, chronic cystitis, schistosomiasis
