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MBBS4 > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Ddx for painless haematuria?

A

DM
IgA nephropathy
TB
Cancer

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2
Q

Smoky urine clinical sign meaning

A

Microscopic heamaturia

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3
Q

Pathophys of dysuria

5 differentials for dysuria

A 
Pathophysiology of dysuria = irritation of bladder trigone or urethra. Both infectious + non-infectious causes. 
UTI/urethritis
Stone
Tumour 
Stricture
Contact dermatitis
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4
Q

3 causes of renal colic

A

Stone
Clot
Tumour

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5
Q

6 causes of asymptomatic haematuria

A 
IgA nephropathy
SLE
Bacterial endocarditis
Vasculitis - polyarthritis
Henoch Schlonein purpura
Exercise haematuria
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6
Q

Which two drugs block the secretion of creatinine?

A

cimetidine H2 antagonist, trimethoprim Abx for cystitis/UTI

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7
Q

Which drugs impair renal blood flow/autoregulation

A

Triple whammy: NSAIDs, ARB/ACEIs, diuretics

Cyclosporine

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8
Q

Which medications affect the renal tubules

A

Amphotericin B
Cisplatin
Aminoglycosides

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9
Q

Which medications cause crystal-induced nephropathy

A

Methotrexate + acicylovir

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10
Q

Which medications cause rhabdomyolysis?

A

Statin (myopathy) and naughty drugs - cocaine, methamphetamine

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11
Q

Why is plasmapharesis used in glomerulonephritis? In which conditions?

A

If there is rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis RPGN secondary to anti-GBM disease plasmapheresis is the mainstay to remove these Abs
Also done in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis to remove LDL-C

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12
Q

What two renal conditions do you avoid giving ACEI

A

AKI

Hyperkalema

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13
Q

Difference between LMWH and unfractionated heparin?

A

unfractionated heparin better reversed protamine sulphate than LMWH - used for nephrotic syndrome VTE prophylaxis

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14
Q

What do clots in the urine mean?

A

Clots mean it is from a source that is NOT the glomerulus

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15
Q

Signs of hypercalcemia

A

Urinary stones, easy fractures (if secondary hyperparathyroidism), anorexia, N+V, constipation, polyuria + polydipsia, mental confusion

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16
Q

Alport’s syndrome 2 features together to ask about?

A

deafness + renal impairment

17
Q

Most common pathogens causing UTI

A

Escherichia coli 90%, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus

18
Q

MoA finasteride + indication

A

Finasteride blocks 5-alpha-reductase: enzyme that converts testosterone –> DHT.
Less dht –> less BPH.
Indicated: BPH

19
Q

Why does hydronephrosis cause polyruria?

A

In bilateral partial hydronephrosis there wil be defective tubular function –> more wee wee, dilute, as the tubules cannot concentrate urine

20
Q

Renal cell carcinoma mutation and nephroblastoma mutation

A

VHL tumour suppressor gene on Chr3p

WT1 on 11p

21
Q

Risk factors for transitional cel carcinoma

A

β-naphthylamine. smoking, chronic cystitis, schistosomiasis

MBBS4 (15 decks)

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