Renal Flashcards
Membranous nephropathy causes malignancy: true or false?
TRUE
Official name for Viagra
Sildenafil
BPH management
Alpha adrenergic blocker (Tamsulosin, alfuzosin), 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride)
Hydrocele trans illuminates: true or false?
TRUE
Testicular mass + can palpate above it
Mass related to scrotal contents
Testicular mass + cannot palpate above it
Probably hernia
Where does the bulbourethral gland lie in relation to the membranous urethra
lies POSTERIOR to membranous urethra
Splitting of which structure would prevent seminal fluid from entering the urethra
Bladder sphincter
Structure that covers the testis
Tunica vaginalis
Weight gain is not associated with peritoneal dialysis: true or false?
FALSE
Location of sperm production
Seminiferous tubules
On the Davernport diagram where is RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
Top left
On the Davernport diagram where is METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
Bottom left
On the Davernport diagram where is METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
Top right
On the Davernport diagram where is RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
Bottom right
Structure the right and left gonadal (testicular/ovarian) arteries arise from
Abdominal aorta
Structure right gonadal (testicular/ovaria) vein drains to?
IVC
Structure left gonadal (testicular/ovaria) vein drains to?
Left renal vein
Strawberry milkshake blood
Hypertriglyceridaemia/nephritic syndrome
Strawberry milkshake blood
Hypertriglyceridaemia/nephritic syndrome
Cancer liked with “Cannonball metastases” in lungs on chest X-Ray
Renal cell carcinoma
“Loin to groin pain”
Renal colic
Sea anemone
Transitional cell carcinoma (of bladder) on cystoscopy
UTI + travel to India
Carbapenase producing klebsiella (resistant to all antibiotics)
UTI with foul smelling urine and calculi
Proteus
Beading of renal artery
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
“Muddy brown casts” of epithelial cells
Acute tubular necrosis
“Potato” appearance on pathology
Testicular seminoma
“Blue dot sign”
Torsion of testicular appendix (aka hydatid of Morgagni) (cremastic reflex still present)
Drug given in hyperkalaemia that is cardioprotective
IV calcium gluconate
2 complications of uraemia
Uremic pericarditis and uremic encephalopathy
Small kidney on ultrasound indicates…
Most likely to be a chronic condition
Conditions that cause renal-pulmonary-disease
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and Goodpasture’s
Time taken for one unit of blood to go through the body
3-4 hours
Syndrome makes patient prone to clots and infections
Nephrotic syndrome
Haematuria + strep infection a few WEEKS ago
Acute diffuse proliferative/Post infective glomerulonephritis
Upper respiratory tract infection + haematuria a few DAYS later
IgA nephropathy
“Kimmelstiel Wilson nodule” on histology
Diabetic nephropathy
Apple green birefringence in glomerulus on Congo Red stain
Amyloid deposition in glomerulus
Otosclerotic bone metastesis = THINK…
THINK prostate cancer
ECG changes: Tall tented T waves, loss of p wave (can progress to sine wave sign) and broad QRS complex
Hyperkalaemia
Important indicator to STOP penicillamine
Bone marrow hypoplasia (platelets lowering)
All patients with peripheral oedema are dehydrated: true or false?
FALSE
Part of dialysis that refers to removal from blood of water and equimolar concentrations of permeable solutes
Ultrafiltration
Three main concepts behind dialysis
Diffusion
Convection
Adsorption
4 GN’s that cause NON-proliferative glomerulonephritis and likely cause NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Membranous nephropathy, FSGS, Minimal change disease and Amyloidosis
Predominant mechanism that removes larger molecules in continuous renal replacement therapy
Convection
Completed to prevent an AKI (linked to interstitial nephritis) when a contrast scan must be completed
Giving saline before and after contrast
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is autosomal dominant: true or false?
FALSE
Type of stones associated with stag horn calculi
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
Diamond or wedge-shaped crystals
Uric acid stones
Envelop-shaped crystals
Calcium oxalate
Hexagonal shaped crystals
Cystine stones
Coffin-lid crystals
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
Wedge shaped crystals
Calcium phosphate stones
Artery horseshoe kidneys are trapped under which prevents anterior ascent
Interior mesenteric artery (at L3)
