GI Flashcards
What is a side effect of calcium channel blockers?
Gingival hypertrophy/hyperplasia
Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)
Achalasia (if this appearance is in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction)
What to the letters in the “GET SMASHED” pneumonic for pancreatitis stand for?
Gallstones Ethanol (alcohol) Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion bites/stings Hyperlipidaemia/Hyperthermia/Hypercalcaemia ERCP Drugs
Murphy’s sign positive
Cholecystitis
Pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain
Biliary obstruction
Abdominal distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness
Portal hypertension + ascites
Pyoderma gangrenosum. erythema nodosum
Chron’s/UC
Tinkling bowel sounds
Bowel Obstruction
Vesicular rash + weight loss
Coeliac disease
Virchow’s node (left supra clavicular)
Gastric cancer
Urea breath test
H pylori
“Rice water” like stools
Vibrio cholera
AMA
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis/Cholangitis
ASMA
Autoimmune hepatitis
Alpha Feto Protein
Hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)
Cobblestone mucosa; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa
Chron’s disease
Diuretic used for ascites (due to cirrhosis)
Spironolactone
Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow
Diffuse oesophageal spasm
Severe abdominal pain and D&V after raw milk
Campylobacter
What does Russell’s sign indicate ?
Self-induced vomiting
Mallory’s hyaline bodies
Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis
Crypt abscesses/ cryptitis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Chron’s)
Onion skinning fibrosis + beading of bile ducts
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
“Signet Ring” cells seen on biopsy
Adenocarcinoma (diffuse stomach cancer) e.g. linitis plastica
Thumbprinting sign on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure
Ischaemic colitis
Which condition is associated with Charcot’s triad (fever, jaundice and abdominal pain) ?
Acute cholangitis
Causes for an abdominal mass “A CHEMICAL”
AAA Chron's Hernia Enlarged lymphadenopathy Malignancy Intersusception Cysts OR abscess Appendicitis Lymphadenopathy
Causes for bowel obstruction “BATH VIPS”
Bolus Adhesions Tumour Hernia Volvulus Intersussception Pseudo-obstruction Stricture
