Renal Flashcards
What treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy
First Line: Alpha blocker (tamsulosin)
Second Line: 5 alpha reductase (finestride)
How to diagnose BPH
Transurethral ultrasoundography with biopsy
What do you give for proteinuria and hypertension
ACEi
What is the first line investigation for a hydrocele
Doppler US with colour
What scrotal swelling is hard and non-transilluminable
Tumour or torsion
What scrotal swelling is accompanied by absence of cremasteric reflex
Torsion
What scrotal swelling is associated with a blue dot sign
Torsion of appendix
What are the stages of CKD
Stage 1: GFR>90ml/min with evidence of kidney disease (proteinuria, haematuria or abnormal imaging)
Stage 2: GFR 60-90 with evidence of kidney disease
Stage 3: GFR 30-60 dependent on GFR alone
Stage 4: 15-30
Stage 5: <15 or on renal replacement
What is the most common glomerulonephrits globally
IgA nephropathy
What is the most common glomerulonephrits in children
Minimal change nephropathy
Diagnosis: Haematuria and volume depletion with mesangial cell proliferation and expansion on light microscopy, IgA depositis in mesangium on immune fluoroscopy, increased IgA serum levels associated with henoch schlein pupura
IgA nephropathy
Diagnosis: Foot process fusion on em in a child
Minimal change
Diagnosis: Asthma, vasculitis, allergic hypersensitivity
Churg strauss
p-ANCA positive vasculitis?
Churg strauss
Diagnosis: Vasculitis, rhinitis, epistaxis, saddle nose deformity, conductive hearing loss
Wegners
