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Exam Topics 2nd year (and a bit of first for ya) > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Which drug causes reactivation of TB

A

TNF alpha inhibitor (etanercept and infliximab)

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome and what nerve is compressed

A

Tingling in the ring and middle finger. The ulnar nerve is trapped in the cubital fossa

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3
Q

How do you treat necrotising fasciitis

A

Debridement, penicillin and clindamycin

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4
Q

What DMARD causes interstitial pneuomonitis

A

Methotrexate

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5
Q

What rheumatic drug causes tarry black stool

A

NSAIDs

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6
Q

What rheumatic drug is a nephrotoxic

A

Gold and penicillamine

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7
Q

What is another side effect of penicillamine (other than nephrotoxicity)

A

Pneumonitis

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8
Q

What are symptoms of bechet’s syndrome

A

Visual loss, mouth ulcers and genital ulcers.

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9
Q

What bloods are raised in bechet’s syndrome and what other conditions is it related to?

A

It’s associated with IBD, arthritis and is from a HLA-B51 lineage. CRP and ESR are raised

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10
Q

What DMARD caused bone symptoms (osteoporosis)

A

Predinsolone

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11
Q

Describe rheumatoid arthritis

A

A chronic inflammatory disease (type IV hypersensitivity) causing symmetrical deforming, polyarthritis and systemic disease.

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12
Q

What is the synovial full of in rheumatoid

A

Macrophages, fibroblasts and giant cells

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13
Q

Tests for RA

A

High inflammatory markers, and positive rheumatoid factor. Anti CCP antibodies

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14
Q

What are the differences between OA and RF

A

OA is asymmetrical, non inflammatory and usually involved in older patients

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15
Q

What are the 4 x-ray signs of OA

A 
LOSS: 
Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
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16
Q

What are nodes on the DIP and PIP caused

A

DIP: Herberden’s nodes
PIP: Bouchard’s nodes

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17
Q

Treatment of OA

A

Physio, topical NSAIDs, paracetamol and joint replacement

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18
Q

What are symptoms of a simple backache

A

20-55 years old, well patient, back/buttock/thigh pain, normal neurology, pain changes with position or movement

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19
Q

What are symptoms of nerve root pain

A

unilateral leg pain, paraesthesia in same distribution, leg>back pain, abnormal neurology, weakness, reflex/sensory changes, nerve stretch pain),

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20
Q

What symptoms are of a serious spinal pathology

A

osteoporosis/long term steroid use/premature menopause/cancer/TB/HIV/IV drug history, weight loss, unremitting pain, sleep loss, under 20 or over 55, recent trauma, marked morning stiffness

21
Q

Symptoms of cauda equina

A

saddle anaesthesia, altered bladder control, bowel incontinence, gait disturbance

22
Q

What is the treatment of carpal tunnel

A

corticosteroid injection, splint, workplace task modification, standard open carpal tunnel release, arthroscopic

23
Q

What is the treatment of cubital tunnel

A

splint, neurolysis, anterior transposition

24
Q

What is the treatment of dupuytren

A

radiation therapy, needle aponeurotomy, collagenase injection, surgery

25
Q

What is the treatment of trigger finger

A

Corticosteroid injection, surgery

26
Q

What is the treatment of swan neck

A

splintage, volar tenodesis, dorsal release

27
Q

What is the treatment of boutonniere

A

splintage, steroid injection, joint release surgery, extensor mechanism reconstruction

28
Q

What is the treatment of ganglion cyst

A

ignore, needle aspiration, corticosteroid injection

29
Q

What is the treatment of wrist drop

A

splinting, osteopathy, physio, OT, surgical removal of bone spurs

30
Q

What is the treatment of de quervians tenosynovitis

A

splint, physio, OT

31
Q

What is the treatment of a tendon sheath infection

A

NSAID, brace, physio, OT, steroid injection

32
Q

What is the treatment of mallet finger

A

Ice, splint and surgery

33
Q

Name the different nerves damaged in these arm pathologies (cubital tunnel, humerous shaft fracture, supracondylar fracture of distal humerous and carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Cubital: Ulnar
Humerous shaft fracture: Radial
Distal humerous and carpal tunnel: Median nerve damage

34
Q

What is dupuytren’s contracture

A

non-painful flexion contracture which is not correctable in an elderly patient

35
Q

What is the first stage of dupytrens

A

Nodules develop

36
Q

What occurs during the active contractile phase

A

the contraction forms because of contractile myofibroblasts within the lesion

37
Q

What is a major side effect of hydroxyquinolone

A

Retinopathy

38
Q

What are typical x-ray features of seronegative arthritis

A

sacro-iliac joint erosions, soft tissue swelling, irregular peri-articular new bone formation, pencil-in-cup deformity and spinal ligament ossification (syndesmophytes)

39
Q

Systemic sclerosis symptoms and antibodies

A

characterised by fibrosis, vascular alterations (Raynaud’s) and autoantibodies, is investigated with anti-centromere antibodies

40
Q

Common peroneal nerve injury symptoms

A

severe lateral knee pain with inability to move ipsilateral foot and generalised numbness following total knee replacement

41
Q

Some information on ankylosing spondylitis

A

commonly occurs at ~55 years old with acute pain and stiffness of cervical spine, bilateral foot pain and trouble breathing

42
Q

Prolapse disc summaries and investigations

A

pain and numbness in spinal nerve distribution with foot drop – MRI

43
Q

Burst fracture symptoms and investigations

A

severe lumbar pain following a fall from height or severe axial loading – CT

44
Q

What does FOOSH stand for

A

Fall on out stretched hand

45
Q

Describe colles fracture

A

FOOSH (fall onto out stretched hand)  extra-articular # of distal radius, dorsal angulation, dorsal displacement. Dinner fork deformity. Complications – median nerve compression, EPL rupture, CRPS, loss grip strength

46
Q

What would suggest bone metastasis

A

High calcium, osteoclast proliferation, bone pain

47
Q

Symptoms of polymyositis

A

inflammation and degeneration of skeletal muscle throughout the body

48
Q

Symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica

A

pain or stiffness, usually in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips
- Systemic sclerosis pneumonic

49
Q

How to remember systemic sclerosis

A

C - anti-centromere antibody and calcinosis (calcium deposits in weird places)
R - Raynaud’s
E - esophageal dysmotility (heartburn, reflux, swallowing problems)
S - sclerodactyly (thickening and tightening of the skin)
T - telangiectasia
P - pulmonary hypertension (important one as that’s what they die of)

Exam Topics 2nd year (and a bit of first for ya) (7 decks)

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