Renal

Question 1

what does the urinary system do?

Answer 1

• Removes metabolic waste from blood by filtration and excretion
• Regulates plasma electrolytes and blood pressure (by renin angiotensin mechanism)
• Help to stabilize the PH
• Reabsorption of small molecules (amino acids. Glucose, and peptides)
• Produces erythropoietin (a stimulant of RBC production by bone marrow)

Question 2

vertebral level of the kidneys

Answer 2

T12 - L3

Question 3

Layers of the kidney /its capsule

Answer 3

kidney
renal capsule
Peri renal fat
Renal fascia
pararenal fat

Question 4

order of vessels into the hilum of the kidney

Answer 4

Vein, artery, renal pelvis

Question 5

segments of the kidney

Answer 5

Apical
Anterosuperior
anteroinferior 
inferior
posterior

Question 6

ureter constrictions

Answer 6

origin (renal pelivis)
pelvic brim
vesico ureteric junction (when it goes into the bladder0

Question 7

Median umbilical ligament

Answer 7

Embryonic Urachus (the fibrous remnant of the allantosis)

Question 8

Two medial umbilical folds

Answer 8

occluded umbilical artery

Question 9

Two lateral umbilical folds

Answer 9

inferior epigastric vessels

Question 10

peritonisation of the bladder

Answer 10

only the superior wall

Question 11

parts of the male urethra

Answer 11

intramural
Prostatic –widest
intermediate (membranous) – narrowest
Spongy (penile) –longest

Question 12

detrusor muscle

Answer 12

muscularis propria of the urinary bladder and muscularis propria, is smooth muscle found in the wall of the bladder. The detrusor muscle remains relaxed to allow the bladder to store urine, and contracts during urination to release urine.

Question 13

renal corpuscles

Answer 13

glomerulus + bowman’s capsule

Question 14

nephron

Answer 14

renal corpuscles + renal tubules (Proximal convoluted tuble and distal convoluted tubule)

Question 15

uriniferous tuble

Answer 15

nephron + collecting duct

Question 16

what derm layer forms the urogenital system

Answer 16

intermediate plate mesoderm

Question 17

what derm layer forms the body cavity linings

Answer 17

lateral plate mesoderm

Question 18

allantosis

Answer 18

is an outpouching of the endoderm at the hindgut to form the body stalk

Question 19

body stock later forms

Answer 19

the umbilical cords

Question 20

The very terminal part of the gut tube is

Answer 20

the cloaca

Question 21

the cloaca

Answer 21

single posterior opening for a birds digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts that is used to expell faeces and lay eggs

Question 22

how is the rectal opening and the urogential sinus formed

Answer 22

the cloaca divides

Question 23

pronephros

Answer 23

early week 4. 1st kindeys, in the neck. mainly degenrates by week 5. made of the pronephric duct and rudimentary pronephric tubules

Question 24

mesonephros

Answer 24

intermediate mesoderm, forms end of week 4.

pronephric duct now the mesonephric duct. functions as kidney for another 4 weeks

Question 25

metanephros or definitive kidney

Answer 25

starts developing around week 5, starts functioning around week 9. comes from the uretic bud that develops off the mesonephric duct, and the metanephric mesoderm

Question 26

what happens to the mesonephros after week 9

Answer 26

most incorporated into the developing gonads

Question 27

the mesonephric tubules become (male)

Answer 27

the rete testis

Question 28

the mesonephric duct becomes the (male)

Answer 28

vas deferens

Question 29

in females what happens to the mesonephros

Answer 29

becomes the ovaries and the tubles and duct degenerates

Question 30

the nephron

Answer 30

the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesoderm reciprocally induce each other to become the nephron

Question 31

the nephron broadly develops from the

Answer 31

metanephric mesoderm

Question 32

the collecting ducts, calyces etc come from

Answer 32

the ureteric bud

Question 33

when does ascent of the kidneys stop

Answer 33

when it meets the suprarenal glands