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Neuro > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

1
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

myelination in CNS

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2
Q

Schwann Cells

A

myelination in PNS

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3
Q

microglia

A

phagocytosis, scar tissue formation

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4
Q

astrocytes

A

help form the blood brain barrier, surround synapses, K+ buffering

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5
Q

satellite cells

A

surround neuronal cell bodies

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6
Q

what type of neurone are sensory?

A

psuedounipolar

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7
Q

grey matter

A

cells bodies

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8
Q

white matter

A

myelin sheath - axons

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9
Q

blood brain barrier

A

tight junction epithelium, thick basal lamina, foot processes of astrocytes

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10
Q

dura mater

A

tough, fibrous and has dural folds

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11
Q

pia mater

A

vascularised and dips into the folds of the brain

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12
Q

subarachnoid space

A

contains cerebrospinal fluid

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13
Q

choroid plexus

A

in ventricles, produce CSF

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14
Q

Exit of CSF from ventricles

A

foramen of Luschka, median apeture of magendie

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15
Q

Myelopathy

A

injury to the spinal cord due to severe compression that may result from trauma, congenital stenosis, degenerative disease or disc herniation

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16
Q

Radiculopathy

A

pinched nerve, refers to a set of conditions in which one or more nerves are affected and do not work properly (a neuropathy).

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17
Q

Stage 1 sleep

A

Slow wave, non-REM, S-sleep. Slow eye movements. Light sleep. Easily roused. High amplitude, low frequency theta waves.

18
Q

Stage 2 Sleep

A

Eye movements stop. Frequency slows further but EEG shows bursts of rapid waves called “sleep spindles” (clusters of rhythmic waves, ~12-14Hz)

19
Q

Stage 3 Sleep

A

High amplitude, very slow (2Hz) delta waves interspersed with short episodes of faster waves, spindle activity declines. deep sleep.

20
Q

Stage 4 Sleep

A

exclusively delta waves. deep sleep.

21
Q

REM sleep

A

during which there are rapid eye movements. Aka paradoxical sleep. Dreams occur during REM sleep. 25% of sleep is REM.

22
Q

awake

A

alpha waves

23
Q

suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus

A

SCN demonstrates ~24hr circadian rhythm.

Electrical stimulation of the SCN can promote sleep and damage to the SCN disrupts the sleep-wake cycle. Activity in the SCN stimulates release of melatonin from the pineal gland – corresponds with feelings of sleepiness in humans

24
Q

orexin (aka hypocretin)

A

excitatory neurotransmitter released by the hypothalamus. Orexin neurons are active during the waking state and stop firing during sleep. Defective orexin signalling causes narcolepsy

25
Q

FFA

A

Fundus fluorescein angiography

26
Q

OCT

A

Optical coherence tomography

27
Q

ERG & VEP

A

Electroretinography & Visual evoked potential

28
Q

EOG

A

Electrooculography

29
Q

thalamus

A

sensory relay centre. searches and accesses memories

30
Q

primary motor cortex

A

precentral gyrus, area 4 - somatotopic representation of contralateral half of body (motor homunculus)

31
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

cognitive functions of higher order- intellect, judgement, prediction, planning

32
Q

area 6 - motor association area

A

composed of the premotor cortex and, medially, the supplementary motor area, or SMA. planning of complex, coordinated movements.

33
Q

Inferior frontal gyrus: Broca’s area of motor speech (area 44,45)

A

That part of the brain is putting it into pattern of words (and what needs to happen to make sense)

34
Q

Post-central gyrus: Areas 3,1,2 – Primary sensory area

A

Receives general sensations from contralateral half of body. Somatotopic representation (sensory homunculus).

35
Q

Superior parietal lobule

A

Interpretation of general sensory information (sensory association area) and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body.

36
Q

Inferior parietal lobule

A

Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas. In dominant hemisphere, contributes to language functions.

37
Q

Superior Temporal gyrus – Primary auditory cortex – Areas 41,42 (Heschl’s convolutions)

A

Hearing/audition

38
Q

Auditory association areas

A

posterior to 41,42. In dominant hemisphere – Wernicke’s area. Crucial for understanding of spoken word. Has connections with other language areas.

39
Q

inferior surface of temporal lobe

A

receives fibres from olfactory tract – conscious appreciation of smell

40
Q

area 18/19

A

The rest of the occipital lobe is the visual association cortex, (areas 18,19) concerned with interpretation of visual images.

41
Q

area 17

A

On the medial surface of the occipital lobe, on either side of the calcarine sulcus is the primary visual cortex

Neuro (9 decks)

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