Renal Flashcards
1
Q
What investigations can you do to assess severity of a UTI?
A
- DMSA isotope scan - injection of radio-isotope, shows kidney scarring
- MCUG - Micturating cysto-urethrogram - Catheter passed into bladder and contrast injected to detect reflux up into the ureters
2
Q
What defines a recurrent UTI?
A
- 2 or more episodes of Upper UTI
- 1 Upper UTI + 1 or more Lower UTI
- 3 or more Lower UTI
3
Q
What are the signs of an atypical UTI?
A
- Is seriously ill
- Has poor urine output
- Has an abdominal or bladder mass
- Does not respond within 48 hours to treatment with suitable antibiotics
- Has an infection with an unsusual organism
- Has increased serum creatinine
- Has septicaemia
4
Q
Apart from E.Coli, what else can cause UTI?
A
- E.coli (75%)
- Klebsiella species
- Proteus mirabilis
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
5
Q
What is used to treat a lower UTI?
A
- Trimethoprim
- Nitrofurantoin
- Cefalexin
3 days
6
Q
What is used to treat an upper UTI?
A
- Co-amoxiclav
- Cefixime
- Cefalexin
7-10 days
7
Q
What is Nephrotic syndrome?
A
- Proteinuria
- Hypoalbuminaemia
- Oedema
8
Q
What is the urine like in nephrotic syndrome?
A
- Frothy urine with +++ protein
9
Q
What’s the treatment for nephrotic syndrome?
A
6 weeks oral prednisolone
10
Q
What are the signs of nephrotic syndrome?
A
- Puffy ankles
- Peri-orbital oedema
- Swollen lips
11
Q
What commonly causes Glomerulonephritis?
A
URTI - strep
12
Q
How do you treat glomerulonephritis?
A
- Pencillin if strep cause
- treat other causes
13
Q
What is hypospadias
A
- Narrow meatus on ventral penis
