Haematology/Oncology Flashcards
How would you define Iron Deficiency Anaemia?
Haemoglobin <11g/dL in the presence of microscopic cells
What can cause IDA?
- Rapid growth
- Poor diet
- Coeliac disease
- Excess cow’s milk
- Recurrent bleeding
- Thalassaemia
What can be a sign of IDA?
- Developmental delay
Which blood tests would you perform to test for IDA?
- FBC
- Ferritin
- Hb levels
Where do childhood brain tumours commonly present?
Brainstem
Cerebellum
What are the most common forms of brain tumour in children?
- Astrocytomas
- Medulloblastomas
Give 3 signs of a neuroblastoma
- Abdominal mass
- Periorbital bruising
- Skin nodules
What is a Wilms’ tumour?
Nephroblastoma
What is the main genetic risk factor for Wilms’ tumour?
Trisomy 8
What is the most common childhood malignancy?
Leukaemia - acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
What is ALL?
Malignant proliferation of cell precursors in bone marrow
Give 7 signs/symptoms for leukaemia/lymphoma
- Malaise
- Anaemia
- Bruising
- Anorexia
- Bone pain
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Lymphadenopathy
What is haemophilia?
X-linked condition caused by a shortage of components of the coagulation cause
What signs would present in a child with haemophilia?
Excessive bruising while crawling
Which clotting factor is absent in Haemophilia A?
FVIII
Which clotting factor is absent in Haemophilia B?
FIX
What investigations would you perform to test for haemophilia?
Prolonged APTT
PT is normal
Give 5 symptoms of sickle cell disease
- Anaemia
- Jaundice
- Short stature
- Frontal bossing
- Hepatosplenomegaly
What causes Thalassaemia?
- Autosomal recessive
- Deficiency of alpha or beta haem groups
Replaced by HbF
What is the main sign for thalassaemia?
Anaemia
Which thalassaemia is more dangerous for a baby?
- alpha
- Hydrops foetalis and death
What is the management for thalassaemia?
- Regular blood transfusion
- Vitamin C and folic acid supplementation
What investigation is sued to screen for sickle cell disease?
Guthrie test
