GI and Liver Flashcards
Most common viral cause for Gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
Norovirus
Most common bacterial cause for gastroenteritis
- Shigella
- E.Coli 0157 - dysentry
- Salmonella
- Campylobacter
What investigations do you do for coeliac disease?
- Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (TTG)
- Anti-gliadin and anti-endomysial antibodies
- Total IgA (low in coeliac)
What signs/symptoms indicate an inguinal hernia?
- Reducible swelling
- Bulge lateral to pubic tubercle
- Increased pressure elicits hernia
- Testes palpable and distinct
What treatment is used in IBD?
- Steroids
- 5 ASA maintenance - (aminosalycilates) – mesalazine, sulfasalazine
- Immunomodulation if previous doesn’t work (azathioprine, methotrexate) or Anti-TNF (infliximab)
- Surgery
What genetics cause coeliac disease?
- HLA DQ2
- HLA DQ8 - HLA B8
What is the surgical window for testicular torsion?
6 hours
What is a Payer’s patch?
- Small masses of lymphatic tissue found throughout the ileum region of the small intestine.
- Form an important part of the immune system by monitoring intestinal bacteria populations and preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines
What is mesenteric Adenitis?
- Inflammation of the intra-abdominal lymph nodes
- Caused by URTI and gastroenteritis
What is the management for mesenteric adenitis?
Supportive - analgesia
What surgery is used to treat pyloric stenosis?
Ramsted’s pyloromyotomy
What is crytorchidism?
Undescended Testes
When is an orchidopexy offered?
By 1 year to avoid malignancy, infertility and torsion
What are the signs for biliary atresia?
- Conjugated bilirubinaemia - >20%
- Pale stools
- Dark urine
What procedure is used to treat biliary atresia?
Kasai procedure
What signs are there of a volvulus?
- Delayed meconium passage
- Dark green vomit - billious
For what conditions are there separate growth charts?
- Down’s
- Cerebral Palsy
What does being on the 9th centile mean?
- 8% of children will be lighter
- 91% of children will be heavier
What blood results would suggest haemolytic uraemic syndrome?
- Low Hb
- Low platelets
- Film showing fragmented cells
What causes HUS?
- E.Coli 0157 - Shiga toxin
Why do you not give antibiotics in HUS?
Causes bacteria to burst and release more toxin
What are 3 complications of untreated coeliac disease?
- Iron deficiency anaemia
- Faltering growth
- Osteopaenia
What is the gold standard diagnostic investigation for coeliac disease?
- Jejunal biopsy while on normal gluten diet
What marker is raised in the stool in IBD?
- Calprotectin
