Renal

Question 1

Definition of nephrotic range proteinuria

Answer 1

> 1g/m2/day or 3+ of protein on dip

Question 2

Definition of hypoalbuminaemia

Answer 2

<25g/L

Question 3

main cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

Answer 3

minimal change disease

Question 4

nephrotic syndrome does what to lipids?

Answer 4

raises them?

Question 5

Investigations in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 5

Plasma albumin 
Urine dipstick 
24hr urine protein 
Lipids 
U&Es 
TFTS 
FBC

Question 6

Investigations for secondary cause in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 6

Complement levels - SLE
Auto antibodies
HBA1c
Infection markers

Question 7

Causes of nephrotic syndrome in children

Answer 7

Minimal change
Infantile nephrotic syndrome
Focal and segmental
Membranous nephropathy

Question 8

Complications of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 8

Infection - loss of regulatory proteins
Intravascular hypovolaemia
Hyper coagulability

Question 9

Management of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 9

high dose of corticosteroids for 4 weeks

Question 10

What decides need for renal US in UTI

Answer 10

severe / atypical UTI

or <6m old

Question 11

What imaging is done for VUR?

Answer 11

MCUG

micturating cystourogram

Question 12

what should be performed 3-6m after a UTI if suspect renal scarring?

Answer 12

DMSA

Question 13

IV AB needed in UTI when?

Answer 13

<3m
Acutely unwell
Persistant vomiting