Renal Flashcards
What immunosuppressant drug is associated with nephrotoxicity?
What is its mechanism of action?
Cyclosporine is known for nephrotoxicity. It binds to cyclophilin which inhibits calcineurin blocking IL-2 and its receptor. IL-2 is needed for differentiation and clonal expansion of T-cells.
A child with abrupt onset edema, weight gain, and proteinuria is concerning for…
How should this disease be managed?
All children with minimal change should get steroids. Kids refractory to treatment should get renal biopsy. You will see effacement of podocyte foot processes alone on EM.
What common immunosuppressant drug works by inhibiting both B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte proliferation?
MMF - mycophenolate mofetil.
How does IgA nephropathy usually present clinically?
As a nephritis! It is marked by renal insufficiency including episodic hematuria with RBC casts.
How are hydrogen ions handled in the acute phase of the response to respiratory acidosis:
They are buffered by intracellular proteins after the enter the cells through the H+/K+ exchanger thereby causing Hyperkalemia. Hydrogen ions also are buffered by binding to heme, reducing its affinity for oxygen. Lastly to a much smaller extent, they are buffered by bone matrix.
