Microbiology Flashcards

0
Q

What is the treatment for Actinomyces?

Usual clinical presentation?

A

Treatment: Penicillin

Clinical presentation: Oral/facial abscesses that drain through sinus tracts and form yellow ‘sulfur granules’.

Other: Gram positive, anaerobe.

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1
Q

What is the treatment for Nocardia?

What is its usual clinical presentation?

A

Treatment: Sulfa drugs

Clinical presentation: pulmonary infections in immunocompromised, cutaneous infection after trauma in immunocompetent.

Other: Gram positive, weakly acid fast, aerobe.

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2
Q

What is the prophylactic treatment for M.avium?

A

Azithromycin

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3
Q

What is the role of cord factor in virulent strains of TB?

A

Cord factor in virulent strains inhibits macrophage maturation and induces the release of TNF-alpha.

Sulfatides (surface glycolipid) inhibit phagolysosomal fusion.

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4
Q

How is the diffuse form of leprosy (acid fast mycobacterium) that is associated with lion facies controlled by the immune system?

The tuberculoid form that is limited to a few hypoesthetic plaques?

A

Lepromatous form: By a largely humoral Th2 response with low cell-mediated immunity.
Treatment: Dapsone, rifampin, clofazimine for 2-5 years
————
Tuberculoid form: Th1 response. High cell-mediated. Treatment: dapsone, rifampin for 6 months.

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