Renal 3 Flashcards
What is consisted in the urinary tract
- ureter
- urthera
- uninary bladder
what is micturition reflex?
-coordinates the process of urination
how does micturition reflex work/activated ?
1) sensory FIBRES IN THE PELVIC NERVE detects STRETCH DUE TO the urinary bladder to be full
2) PARAsympathetic FIBRES is what controls the contraction of the bladder
3) interneuron( GANGLIONIC NEURON AND POST GANGLIONIC NEURON) send impulses to hypothalamus and this relays to the cortex
4) VOLUNTARY relaxation of the external SPHINCTER which allows urination
the micturition reflex of children
- lack of voluntary control over urination
- neurons in the hypothalamus is not fully developed
- cortispinal connections are not established
the micturition reflex of elderly
- decline in sensitivity to ADH
- decline in functional nephrons
- age and its changes
micturition reflex problems
Sphincter muscles lose tone: leading to incontinence
Control of micturition can be lost due to:
a stroke
Alzheimer’s disease
CNS problems affecting cerebral cortex or hypothalamus
In males, urinary retention may develop if enlarged prostate gland compresses the urethra and restricts urine flow
what is incontinence?
involuntary loss of urine due to hygiene or social concepts
what are the different types of incontinences?
- urge incontinence
- stress incontinence
- overflow incontinence
what is stress urinary incontinence
when urine leaks due to physical stress such as cough, sneezing or lifting
due to urethra prolapse weakening of pelvic floor muscles
and raised abdominal pressure
what is urge urinary incontinence
when you have to urinate frequently and small amounts
this is because the bladder squeezed urine out before it is full
this is because detrusor muscles being overactive
what is overflow urinary incontinence
this is when the bladder gets full and cannot expand anyfurther and the pressure from the urine in the bladder causes the leak
caused by obstruction in the urinary tract or damage to the nerves that supply to the bladder
what can be other causes of urinary incontinence
- medication - acei, diuretics, antidepressants, sedatives, hormone replacement therapy
- bladder stones
- fistulas - opening between ureter and urthera or bladder into uterus or vagina)
what are conservative techniques for pelvic prolapse in women for management
- pelvic floor training
- bladder training
- frequently empty the bladder
Explain treatment of urinary incontinence and pelvic prolapse in women
….
what is benign prostatic hyperplasia
occurs in male
prostate enlargement
due to age
pushed against urthera and causes urination
