drugs Flashcards
name 3 antihistamines and which receptor it effects
- cetirizine
- loratidine
- terfenadine
name 3 antipsychotic drugs and which receptor it targets
- D2
- risperidone
- clozapine
- olanzapine
- aripiprazole
DD transpeptidase - what is its role
pencillin binding protein
carries out cross-linking of peptidoglycan wall subunit for bacteria
beta lactam antibiotic binds and irreversibly inhibit bb transpeptidase
what is the role of B lactam antibiotic
-prevents the building of new bacterial cell wall - spheroplast
what is the role of atazanavir
Treat HIV
name a cyclo-oxyegenase inhibitor and its role
NSAIDs
- provide symptomatic relief from fever, pain and swelling in chronic joint disease + acute inflammatory conditions
- Inhibit COX
what is the role of cyclo-oxygenase
- synthesis of prostaglandin
- involved in inflammatory response
what does COX inhibitor do?
reduce synthesis of prostaglandin by inhibiting cox enzymes = reduce inflammation
what is the role of COX-1
expressed in most tissues as ‘house keeping’ role
what is the role of COX-2
why is it more preferred than COX-1
inducible enzyme production of mediators of inflammation
Less toxicity in the GI
Name 2 drugs which inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2
aspirin
ibuprofen
Name a drug that has a selective inhibition of COX-2
-celecoxib
what side effects can b2 adrenoreceptor cause?
- Arrythmias, angina precipitation, palpitation, tachycardia
- Peripheral vasodilation
- Headache
- Tremor (route/dose-related)
Increased mortality/morbidity (LABA)
who should not take b2 adrenoreceptor?
-pregnancy
cvd
hypokalaemia
What is corticosteroids?
Most effective anti-inflammatory therapy for asthma.
side effects of ICS
-oestoporosis hypertension cataract and glucoma weight gain increased vulnerability to infections tinning of blood and easy bruising
examples of Inhaled ICS,
Oral ICS
and parenteral ICS
inhaled: prevneter drugs
beclometasone dipropionate
budesonide
Oral: acute and severe asthma
prednisolone
parenteral: life threatening acute asthma
hydrocortisone
what type of drugs are these
Montelukast
Zafirukast
leukotriene antagonist
What is the mechanism of action of anticholinergic agent?
- Antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
○ Blockage of M3 receptor reduces bronchoconstriction (promoting relaxation of the pulmonary smooth muscle and bronchodilation) and reduces mucus secretion.
what drug class does this belong to Tiotropium bromide
: long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)
what is the use of theophylline
- Induces relaxation of smooth muscle of bronchial airways reducing airways obstruction and airway responsiveness
- Inhibits release of inflammatory mediators
-oral/parenteral, for chronic and acute asthma.
Very small therapeutic window as it is extensively metabolised by liver therefore serum levels must be monitored to avoid toxicity.
example of Anti-IgE
omalizumab
binds to igE antigen to prevent histamine, prostaglandin, leukotrienes - to prevent asthma symptoms
