drugs

Question 1

name 3 antihistamines and which receptor it effects

Answer 1

• cetirizine
• loratidine
• terfenadine

Question 2

name 3 antipsychotic drugs and which receptor it targets

Answer 2

• D2
• risperidone
• clozapine
• olanzapine
• aripiprazole

Question 3

DD transpeptidase - what is its role

Answer 3

pencillin binding protein
carries out cross-linking of peptidoglycan wall subunit for bacteria

beta lactam antibiotic binds and irreversibly inhibit bb transpeptidase

Question 4

what is the role of B lactam antibiotic

Answer 4

-prevents the building of new bacterial cell wall - spheroplast

Question 5

what is the role of atazanavir

Answer 5

Treat HIV

Question 6

name a cyclo-oxyegenase inhibitor and its role

Answer 6

NSAIDs

• provide symptomatic relief from fever, pain and swelling in chronic joint disease + acute inflammatory conditions
• Inhibit COX

Question 7

what is the role of cyclo-oxygenase

Answer 7

• synthesis of prostaglandin

- involved in inflammatory response

Question 8

what does COX inhibitor do?

Answer 8

reduce synthesis of prostaglandin by inhibiting cox enzymes = reduce inflammation

Question 9

what is the role of COX-1

Answer 9

expressed in most tissues as ‘house keeping’ role

Question 10

what is the role of COX-2

why is it more preferred than COX-1

Answer 10

inducible enzyme production of mediators of inflammation

Less toxicity in the GI

Question 11

Name 2 drugs which inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2

Answer 11

aspirin

ibuprofen

Question 12

Name a drug that has a selective inhibition of COX-2

Answer 12

-celecoxib

Question 13

what side effects can b2 adrenoreceptor cause?

Answer 13

• Arrythmias, angina precipitation, palpitation, tachycardia
  
  • Peripheral vasodilation
  • Headache
  • Tremor (route/dose-related)
    Increased mortality/morbidity (LABA)

Question 14

who should not take b2 adrenoreceptor?

Answer 14

-pregnancy
cvd
hypokalaemia

Question 15

What is corticosteroids?

Answer 15

Most effective anti-inflammatory therapy for asthma.

Question 16

side effects of ICS

Answer 16

-oestoporosis 
hypertension 
cataract and glucoma
weight gain 
increased vulnerability to infections 
tinning of blood and easy bruising

Question 17

examples of Inhaled ICS,
Oral ICS
and parenteral ICS

Answer 17

inhaled: prevneter drugs
beclometasone dipropionate
budesonide

Oral: acute and severe asthma
prednisolone

parenteral: life threatening acute asthma
hydrocortisone

Question 18

what type of drugs are these
Montelukast
Zafirukast

Answer 18

leukotriene antagonist

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action of anticholinergic agent?

Answer 19

• Antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
  ○ Blockage of M3 receptor reduces bronchoconstriction (promoting relaxation of the pulmonary smooth muscle and bronchodilation) and reduces mucus secretion.

Question 20

what drug class does this belong to
Tiotropium bromide

Answer 20

: long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)

Question 21

what is the use of theophylline

Answer 21

• Induces relaxation of smooth muscle of bronchial airways reducing airways obstruction and airway responsiveness
  
  • Inhibits release of inflammatory mediators

-oral/parenteral, for chronic and acute asthma.
Very small therapeutic window as it is extensively metabolised by liver therefore serum levels must be monitored to avoid toxicity.

Question 22

example of Anti-IgE

Answer 22

omalizumab

binds to igE antigen to prevent histamine, prostaglandin, leukotrienes - to prevent asthma symptoms