Renal Flashcards
What happens in glomerular nephritis?
Inflammation of the glomeruli, mainly immunological
Increased permeability of vessels, loss of protein and blood cells in urine
What happens in chronic glomerulonephritis?
Damage to intercellular matrix and scarring, leading to chronic renal failure, associated with hypertension
Name the 3 features of nephritic syndrome
Haematuria, hypertension, acute renal failure with oliguria and uraemia
Main features of nephrotic syndrome
Marked proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema (due to reduced oncotic pressure)
Liver tries to counteract hypoproteinaemia by increasing protein production, more coagulation proteins and lipoproteins
Features of chronic renal failure
Reduced GFR, uraemia, hypocalcaemia (reduced calciterol), anaemia (reduced erythropoetin) and renal osteopathy
Name the key features of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Autoimmune disease (commonly women 15-50yrs) with asymmetrical arthritis, lethargy, low grade fever, butterfly rash on cheeks ane nephritic syndrome
What goes wrong in SLE?
Type III hypersensitivity reaction
Immune complex depostion in capillary walls of IgG-DNA and histones due to defect in apoptosis
What are the 2 types of Type III hypersensitivity reaction?
Capillary walla deposition or antigen planted in capillary walls so immune complex forms in situ
Name some problems that occur with diabetes mellitus
Atherosclerosis, hyaline arteriosclerosis, microangiopathy (thickened BM of capillaries that are more leaky to proteins) can lead to visual defects
Give example of autoimmune type II hypersensitivity reaction
Good Pasture Syndrome
Nephritis, acute renal failure and acute respiratory failure and haemoptysis
(IgG autoantibodies form glomerular BM)
What is seen in chronic interstitial nephritis?
Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy
Can be due to cyclosporin or lithium (psychiatry)
