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Buzzwords > Renal 2 > Flashcards

Renal 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pseudomonas aerugnosa - in who and whats the rx

A

catheters/instruments - only ciprofloxacin works

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2
Q

rolex formation - chain of RBCs

A

myeloma

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3
Q

monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition

A

myeloma

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4
Q

positive cong red staining showing green birefringent

A

amyloidosis

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5
Q

2 types of renovascular hypertension

A

fibromuscular dyplasoa - familial

atherosclerosis renovascular - general atherosclerosis present

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6
Q

post strep GN

A

nephrotic syndrome 1-3 weeks after infection

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7
Q

silver stain

A

thickened BM in membranous GN

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8
Q

treatment of RPGN

A

steroids, cytoxins, monoclonal ABs, plasma paresis

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9
Q

frothy urine

A

3G/day

nephrotic

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10
Q

increased cholesterol

A

nephrotic syndrome

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11
Q

common causes of nephrotic syndrome

A

membranous, FCS, minimal change

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12
Q

risks of nephrotic syndrome

A

infections, renal vein thrombosis, volume depletion, Vit D deficiency, subclinical hypothyroidism

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13
Q

AFP

A

yolk salk component - never raised in seminoma

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14
Q

HCG

A

trophoblastic - teratoma

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15
Q

PCAP

A

seminoma

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16
Q

LDH

A

tumour load

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17
Q

potato appearance

A

seminoma

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18
Q

rare before puberty (testicular tumour)

A

seminoma

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19
Q

common in children (testicular tumour)

A

teratoma

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20
Q

what is BNH due to and where is it found commonly

A

oestrogen:androgen ratio

central - periurethral glands

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21
Q

risks of BNH

A

retention

hypertrophy - diverticulum

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22
Q

treatment of BNH

A

tamsulosin

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23
Q

squamous cell carcinoma of penis

A

uncircumcised, poor hygiene , HPV

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24
Q

invasive SCC of penis

A

red raised penis, fun gating mass, foul smelling

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25
Q

commonest prostate cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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26
Q

where are the majority of prostate cancers and what age

A

peripheral zone

over 70s

27
Q

PSA - sensitivity specificity what is it raised in

A

90% sensitive 40% specific

DRE, UTI, BNH, cancer, retention, catheter

28
Q

treatment of prostate cancer

A

hormone therapy cyproterone, oestrogen
radio for bony mets
resect

29
Q

what can RCC secrete

A

erythropoietin -> polycyctheamia
rennin -> hypertension
PTH -> hypercalcaemia

30
Q

what type of TCC is striped

A

papillary

31
Q

where do majority of TCC occur

A

trigone area - can lead to obstruction

32
Q

angiofibroma is related to what

A

TB

33
Q

what has a central scar on XR

A

cricocytoma

34
Q

wills tumour is caused by what

A

residual primitive renal tissue

35
Q

define AKI

A

absolute increase in Cr >26.4
increase of Cr by 50%
decrease in UO

36
Q

stages of AKI

A

1.5-1.9 x reference Cr
2-2.9 x reference Cr
3 x reference, > or equal to 354 or need for RRT

6 consecutive hours
12 hours
2 hours or 12 hours of anuria

37
Q

indications for HD

A

hyperkalaemia >7 or >6.5 and unresponsive to medical therapy
urea> 40, pericardial rub/effusion
acidosis

38
Q

hyperkalaemia - rx

A

> 5.5 >6.5 life threatening
10ml of 10% calcium gluconate over 10 mins
insulin 10 units of act rapid in 50mls of 50% dextrose over 30 mins
nebs salbutamol over 90mins
calcium resonium

39
Q

Risk of pre renal AKI

A

acute tubular necrosis if not treated

40
Q

treatment of pre renal AKI

A

fluid rechallange - 0.9% saline over 2 mins - reassess

41
Q

symptoms of renal AKI

A

fluid overload
uraemia with itch
pericarditis
oliguria

42
Q

CKS stages

A

1.GFR 90 and kidney damage
2. GFR >60-90 and kidney damage
3A. 45-60 3B. 30-44
4. 15-30
5. less than 15

43
Q

treatment of anaemia

Hb target

A

IV iron
if no improvement then epo by injection
Hb target 10.5-12.5

44
Q

bone disease treatment

A

alfacalcidol. phosphate

45
Q

agenesis

A

absence of 1 or 2 kidneys

46
Q

alports

A

SHL
x-linked recessive
defect of type 3 collagen
variable thickness of GM

47
Q

anderson fibrys disease

A

fabryzyme enzyme replacement

plasma/leucocyte alpha GAL activity

48
Q

risks of ADPKD

A

intracranial aneurysms
hypertension
diverticulitis colonic perforation
cyst infection

49
Q

treatment of ADPKD

A

tovaplatan

dialysis

50
Q

cause of infection in PD

A

staph. strep. diphtheroids. coliform.

51
Q

other risk factors of PD

A

membrane failure - doesn’t remove enough h2o

hernias - treat hernia and use smaller volumes

52
Q

Tunneled catheter infection in HD

A

if not treated can lead to endocarditis etc
treat w vancomycin
line removal/exchange

53
Q

risks of HD

A

fluid overload, blood leaks, loss of vascular access, hypokalamia and MI, intradialytic hypotension

54
Q

Stones rx

A

diclofenic

small - tamsulosin

55
Q

absence of cremosteric reflex

A

torsion of spermatic cord

56
Q

bell clapper deformity

A

torsion of spermatic cord - collateral side not fixed

57
Q

treatment of epididymitis

A

oflaxolin 400mg/day for 14 days

58
Q

paraphimosis

A

painful swelling of foreskin

sugar. iced glove. decompress glans, dorsal slit

59
Q

priapism ischaemic and non ischaemic

A

prolonged erection
ischaemic - decreased blood flow, dark blood
non ischaemic - normal/high flow, normal colour arterial blood

60
Q

fourners gangrene

A

starts out as cellulitis

XR/US show gas in tissue

61
Q

flame shaped collection contrast in pelvis

A

exztraperitoneal bladder injury

62
Q

suprapubic catheter used when

A

urethral injury

63
Q

treatment of urge incontinence

A

oxybutanin

64
Q

emphysematous polynephritis

A

acute necrotising parenchymal and perineal infection
E.Coli
Diabetics
Nephrectomy

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