Renal 2 Flashcards
Where do Thiazides act in the kidney and what do they do?
Act on the distal tubule
Prevent uptake of Na and H20
What are the indications of Thiazides?
1) Cardiac Failure
2) CKD
3) Hypertension
4) Nephrotic syndrome
What is the possible side effect of Thiazides?
Hypovolaemia
Where does spiralactone act in the kidneys?
Inhibits aldosterone
Prevents the uptake of Na, Cl and H20 in exchange for K+
What are the indications for spiralactone?
Cardiac failure
Liver cirrhosis
What is the possible side effect of spiralactone?
Hyperkalaemia
How does amiloride act on the kidneys?
Inhibits sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium
What are the indications of amiloride?
To prevent hypokalaemia
What is the possible side effect of amiloride?
Hyperkalaemia
What are the 6 types of drugs used in CKD?
1) Anti hypertensives
2) Diuretics
3) Sodium bicarbonate
4) Statins
5) Vitamin D analogues
6) Erythropoeitin
Alpha calcidol is an example of what kind of drug?
Vitamin D analogue
How do Vitamin D analogues work?
Hydroxylated in the liver to an active form
Increase uptake of phosphate and calcium from the gut
What are the 2 possible side effects of vit D analogues?
1) Hyperphosphataemia
2) Hypercalcaemia
What are the 2 possible side effects of the use of Epo?
Hypertension
Pure Red Cell aplasia
Why are NSAIDs potentially nephrotoxic?
Inhibit the formation of prostaglandins
Prostaglandins vasodilate the afferent arteriole
Why are ACEi and ARBs potentially nephrotoxic?
They inhibit Ang II which vasoconstricts the efferent arteriole to increase trans glomerular pressure
Penicillins are potentially nephrotoxic as they cause what kidney problem?
Acute interstital nephritis
What can accumulation of penicillins in CKD lead to?
Seizures