GI Malapsorption - Vitamins Flashcards
What kind of anaemia occurs in iron deficiency?
Microcytic (smaller and paler red cells)
What are the 3 possible reasons for iron deficiency to occur?
1) Not enough dietary iron intake
2) Decreased iron absorption
3) Increased iron loss (sloughed mucosal cell, bleeding)
What is osteoporosis, ricketts and osteomalacia and what vitamin deficiency are they associated with?
All associated with Vitamin D deficiency
Osteoporosis - reduced bone density
Osteomalacia - normal amount of bone but mineral content low
Ricketts - occurs if low amount on minerals when bones are growing
What are the possible causes of Vitamin D deficiency?
1) Inadequate sunlight
2) CKD
3) Malabsorption - coeliac, intestinal resection, cholestasis (Vit D is fat soluble)
Other than Vitamin D deficiency what are the other causes of osteoporosis? 4
1) Anorexia
2) Smoking
3) Alcoholism
4) Steroid therapy
Where is Intrinsic factor formed and where is Vit B12 absorbed?
B12/IF complex formed in stomach and absorbed in the terminal ileum therefore gastric mucosal atrophy and terminal ileum disease can lead to B12 deficiency
What is B12 required for and what kind of deficiency does B12/folate (Vit B9) deficiency lead to?
Normal proliferation of cells is dependent on adequate vitamin B1 and B9 (folate) - necessary for production of DNA
Leads to macrocytic anaemia (pernicious anaemia)
Xerophthalmia is caused by a deficiency in which vitamin?
A
Beri Beri is caused by a deficiency in what vitamin?
B1 (Thiamine)
Angular stomatis and cholitis are caused by deficiencies in what vitamin?
B2
Polyneuropathy is caused by a deficiency in what vitamin?
B6
Pernicious anaemia is caused by a deficiency in which vitamin?
B12
Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in what vitamin?
C
Osteomalacia is caused by a deficiency in what vitamin?
D
Bleeding disorders are caused by deficiencies in which vitamins?
E and K
Most vitamins are absorbed in the small intestine, specifically what part of the small intestine is vitamin C and B12 absorbed in?
B12 = terminal ileum C = proximal ileum
What 6 minerals are needed as part of the diet which are all absorbed in the SI?
1) Calcium
2) Zinc
3) Iron
4) Copper
5) Magnesium
6) Selenium
What is the role of thiamin (B1) and what does deficiency result in?
Co factor in decarboxylation reactions - CO2 released (Krebs cycle, link reaction)
Beri beri - muscle weakness, nerve damage
What is the role of riboflavin (B2) and can you become deficient in it?
FAD
Very rare
Role of niacin and deficiency (B3)?
NADH
Pellagra - depression, dermatitis, diarrhoea, death
Role of pantothenic acid (B5)?
Co A
Role of biotin (B7)?
Prosthetic group, carries CO2 in carboxylation reactions
What is the role of pyridoxal phosphate (B6) and what does deficiency result in?
Co factor for enzymes involved in protein metabolism, haem synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, modulates steroid hormone action
Deficiency = irritability, depression, confusion, inflammation of tongue or mouth
Role of folic acid (B9) and what does deficiency result in?
DNA synthesis, 1C transfers
Neural tube defects - spina bifida, anencephaly, macrocytic anaemia
