Renal Flashcards
What blood results would you see following rhabdomyolysis?
Hyper K, PO4, uric acid, CK; Hypo Ca
What is used to confirm the diagnosis of recent streptococcus infection in regards to post-strep glomerulonephritis
Raised anti-streptolysin O titres
Most likely causative organism for HUS?
Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli, particularly the O157:H7 strain
What may you see in the US scan of someone with chronic diabetic nephropathy
Chronic diabetic nephropathy will have large/normal sized kidneys on ultrasound whereas most patients with chronic kidney disease have bilateral small kidneys
What is the maintenance requirement of fluids of electrolytes, glucose and fluid volume?
25-30 ml/kg/day of water and
approximately 1 mmol/kg/day of potassium, sodium and chloride and
approximately 50-100 g/day of glucose to limit starvation ketosis
How is Polycystic kidney disease screened for?
Abdominal ultrasound
What type of cancer does renal transplant increase the risk of?
SCC
When is a renal biopsy warranted in a presentation of minimal change disease? What is renal biopsy confirms it is minimal change and first-line treatment hasn’t worked?
Only if the response to steroids is poor.
Cyclophosphamide is the next step for steroid-resistant cases
What mechanism of renal transplant rejection is present in acute (within 48 hours) vs subacute ~ within 6 months
Acute: Pre-existing antibodies against ABO or HLA antigens
Subacute: Cell-mediated (cytotoxic T-cell) mediated rejection
What is march haemoglobinuria?
Strenuous exercise may cause haematuria due to trauma to the bladder, dehydration or the breakdown of red blood cells that happens with sustained aerobic exercise. Commonly seen in long-distance runners.
Most common cause of peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis?
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus
