Renal

Question 1

3 functions of renal system

Answer 1

Filtration
Metabolic
Circulatory

Question 2

What hormone effects ureter

Answer 2

Progesterone (as ureter smooth muscle, slows down peristalsis)

Question 3

Why can protein in urine be a symptom of preeclampsia

Answer 3

Because increase in BP forces protein molecules through membrane - usually too big to get through

Question 4

What does ADH do

Answer 4

Increases absorption of water = less wee (hence anti-diuretic!!)

Question 5

Calcitonin

Answer 5

More Ca to urine

Question 6

PTH

Answer 6

More calcium absorbed

Question 7

What does bilirubin indicate

Answer 7

Liver problem or blood disorder (liver waste if haemoglobin)

Question 8

What do leucocytes indicate

Answer 8

Kidney problem (membrane) or bladder infection

Question 9

What does ketones and glucose indicate

Answer 9

Severe diabetes

Question 10

What sort of test is urinalysis

Answer 10

Screening…. not diagnostic- send off sample for further testing

Question 11

What is effect of hyperventilation in pregnancy

Answer 11

Metabolic alkalosis due to rise in PH due to increased HCO3 so kidneys need to compensate by excreting more bicarbonate

Question 12

Kidney endocrine functions (4)

Answer 12

Vitamin D activation
Renin (BP)
Erythropoietin (RBC)
Insulin like growth factor

Question 13

Circulatory function (2)

Answer 13

Regulate blood volume
Regulate BP

Question 14

Renal adaptations to pregnancy

Answer 14

Increased renal plasma flow
Increases glomerular filtration rate

Question 15

Urinary adaptations to pregnancy

Answer 15

Ureteral dilation
Reduced peristalsis
Bladder compression

Question 16

Why does infection cause need to urinate more

Answer 16

Inflammation of lower bladder will signal fuller than is so need to urinate

Question 17

Why can epidural lead to urine retention

Answer 17

Blocks sensation

Question 18

Indicators of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

Answer 18

Urine dipstick (blood, wbc, protein)
Dysuria (pain on urination)
Increased urgency/frequency
Fever and other infections signs

Question 19

UTI prevention (4)

Answer 19

Cotton only underwear (prevent thrush growth)
Front to back wipe (prevent bacteria colonisation)
Good hydration (avoid highly concentrated urine/frequent emptying)
Vit C rich diet (prevent bacterial growth - cranberry juice)

Question 20

Negatives of full bladder in labour

Answer 20

Prevent fetal descent

Question 21

Negative full bladder after birth

Answer 21

Prevent uterine contractions leading to bleeding

Question 22

What can a full bladder be used for as a positive?

Answer 22

Protect presentation in cord prolapse