Neuroendocrine Flashcards
Where epidural administered
Epidural space
Where spinal administered
Into subarachnoid space (CSF)
What can cause temporary nerve damage in a spinal
Closed space so small bleed can cause haematoma and press on nerve roots
Risk of spinal
Meningitis (due to punctured meninges)
Severe headache - subarachnoid puncture - acute when stands up - loss of spinal fluid and so buoyancy in skull and brain pulled down when stands up repair leak by creating blood clot
Ideal block level
T8-T10
How often check block
Every hour
How check block
Cube/spray - upper arm first then toe to groin to abdominal to chest
Record upper and lower levels
Check symmetry (may accumulate if one side lie)
And ask to lift leg (want motor control of different positions)
Why can epidural cause hypotension?
Ganglia in sympathetic are close to spine, so analgesia affects them, blocking sympathetic conduction
How many cranial nerves
12 pairs
How breathing exercises help
Stimulate vagus nerve, activates parasympathetic activity so reducing stress and inducing relaxation
Pregnancy hormones from
Placenta (4)
HCG
HPL
Oestrogens
Progesterone
Where is prolactin released from
Pituitary
When is hCG secreted
Implantation
When is hCG present in a) maternal blood, b) urine
A) 8 days
B) 2 weeks
What does hCG do to thyroid
Stimulates it to increase metabolic rate (more energy and hence increase appetite)
