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### A Boards Review - ROWE ###*** > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

labs to assess kidney

A

GFR
BUN
CReatinine

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2
Q

what is the test we use

A

GFR - should be around 90

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3
Q

Creatine should be around

A

1

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4
Q

significant damage to kidney is

A

WBC or RBC casts

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5
Q

which antiHTN class monitor renal function

A

ACE inhibitors

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6
Q

usually pt are ______ in CKD until stage 3

A

asymptomatic

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7
Q

what will pt present with CKD

A

fatigue
dry itchy skin
edema
Hematuria
depression

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8
Q

what is the best indicator of kidney function

A

GFR

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9
Q

Stage 4 of CKD shows

A

peripheral edema, dyspnea, alterations in urine color and concentration, flank pain and fatigue

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10
Q

The nurse practitioner is assessing the blood pressure of a male patient with known chronic kidney disease. On his home blood pressure logs, his blood pressure consistently runs from 130-136 mmHg systolic and 81-87 mmHg diastolic most days. Which of the following antihypertensive medications would it be appropriate to initiate if the patient is in stage 2 chronic kidney disease?

A

The correct answer is lisinopril (Prinivil). In patients with earlier stages of chronic kidney disease, ACE-Inhibitors such as Lisinopril can be renal protective and slow the loss of kidney function. Renal function will need to be routinely monitored moving forward, and lisinopril should be discontinued if the patient reaches stage 4 of chronic kidney disease or higher

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11
Q

The main sx of UTI in elderly is

A

confusion

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12
Q

go to test for UTI

A

Urinalysis

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13
Q

most common bacteria for UTI is

A

E Coli

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14
Q

treatment for UTI

A

Bactrim for three days
Nitrofurantoin (macrobid), Kelfex
uncomplicated for UTI s/s for 7 days
Bactrim or fluoroquinolone (cipro for 7 - 10 days

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15
Q

when patient is taking warfarin what Abx do you not give with it

A

Bactrim

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16
Q

As the renal function decreases the creatinine does what

A

increases

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17
Q

GFR rate sould be

A

> 90

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18
Q

BUN normal range is

A

6 - 24

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19
Q

WBC casts with proteinuria indicate

A

pyelonephritis

20
Q

UTI is if p;atient has

A

> 100,000 bacteria

21
Q

should pregnant women always be treated for UTI

A

yes

22
Q

uncomplicated UTI treat with

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) BID x 3.
* Sulfa allergic: Nitrofurantoin BID x 5
* Fosfomycin 3g x 1 dose
* Augmentin 875/125 mg BID x 5-7 days
* Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) BID x 2 days PRN, will turn urine orange/yellow.

23
Q

complicated UTI treat with

A

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500mg BID or levofloxacin 750mg once a day for 7-10 days
* Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole BID or cefixime (Suprax) 400mg BID for 7-10 days.
* Sulfa allergy: Cephalexin (Keflex), Ceclor, Cipro

24
Q

shift to the left indicates

A

the presence of immature neutrophils - means serous infection

25
Q

Nephrolithiasis (urolithiasis) aka kidney stones are made up of

A

calcium oxalate

26
Q

acute kidney injury s/s

A

oliguria, edema, weight gain

27
Q

kidney stones increases the risk of

A

pyelonephritis

28
Q

Gold standard test for kidney stones is a

A

CT
also check PTH

29
Q

uncomplicated UTI first line is a

A

Macrobid

30
Q

WBC casts in urine equal

A

pyelonephritis

31
Q

UA above what indicates UTI

A

> 100,000

32
Q

large amount of epitheleal cells in urinaylsis indicate

A

Contaminated

33
Q

UA with protein r/o

A

kidney disease

34
Q

5 alpha reducatse inhibitor is

A

finasteride (proscar) decreases size of prostate

35
Q

Alpha blockers

A

Terazosin (Hytrin) and Ta m s u l o s i n ( F l o m ax ) wo r k b y re l ax i n g t h e smooth muscle tissue of the prostate gland, which enlarges the diameter of the urethra. They may start to control symptoms in as little as 3 days.

36
Q

what medication is used for BPH

A

Saw Palmetto

37
Q

shift to the left means there is a

A

serious infection nted by teh increase in immature WBC

38
Q

what lab indicative of poor renal funtio niwth possibly mortality

A

high BUN with low GFR

39
Q

UTI we give what medication

A

BACTRIM UNLESS ALLERGIC THEN WE GIVE CIPRO

40
Q

GOLD STANDARD TO CHECK FOR KIDNEY STONES IS A

A

CT

41
Q

UTI is more common in

A

women

42
Q

is defined as the presence of one or more species of bacteria growing in the urine (≥105 CFU/mL) in the absence of UTI symptoms, irrespective of the presence of pyuria.

A

Asymptomatic bacteriuria

43
Q

PRe - renal causes of Acute kidney injury is

A

acute tubular necrosis - hypoprofusion of the kidneys

44
Q

Avoid long-term use of nitrofurantoin, if possible can cause

A

lung problems, chronic hepatitis and neuropathy

45
Q
A

### A Boards Review - ROWE ###*** (16 decks)

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