Renal Flashcards
Haemodialysis in AKI criteria
Acidosis
Electrolyte e.g. high K+
Intractable
Oedema -> e.g. pulmonary
Uraemia e.g. pericarditis, encephalitis
People on dialysis most likely to die from?
IHD
Fluid maintenance in adults
25-30ml/kg/day water
Electrolyte maintenance in adults
1mmol/kg/day of K+, Na2+ and Chl
Glucose maintenance in adults
50-100g/day
What medication used for bone issues in CKD can lead to hypercalcaemia
calcium-based phosphate binders e.g. calcium asetate
When using ACEi in CKD, egfr and creatinine change of what is acceptable?
decrease in egfr up to25%
rise in creatinine up to 30%
In addition to ACEi, what anti-hypertensive drug can be used in patients with CKD
furosemide, especially when gfr falls below 45ml/min
also reduced K+
Anion gap calculation
(Na + K) - (cl + HCO3)
Hyaline casts in urinalysis
patients taking loop diuretics
RCC
check jonah’s
Fibromuscular dysplasia
type of renal vascular disease
90% women
Htx
CKD when started on ACEi
“flash” pulmonary oedema
string of beads on MR angiography
DI cranial causes
idiopathic
post head injury
pituitary surgery
craniopharyngiomas
sarcoidosis
haemochromatosis
DIDMOAD is the association of cranial Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy and Deafness (also known as Wolfram’s syndrome)
DI nephrogenic causse
genetic
hypercalcaemia
hypokalaemia
lithium
tubulo-interstitial disease e.g. obstruction, sickle-cell, pyelonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome leads to hypercoagulable state how
loss of antithrombin III
