Renal🤰🏽 Flashcards
Anuria
urine output of less than 100 mL in 24 hrs
what is a normal urine output in 1 hour?
30 ml/ hr
Azotemia
syndrome from increased BUN and increase creatine together
Sypmtoms of a UTI
Frequency, urgency, nocturia, dysuria
Oliguria
decreased urine output
Polyuria
increase urine output more than 2000mL per 24hr
Uremia
manifestations of renal failure
When you get old, what are some changes to your renal system?
Reduced renal blood flow
Decreased glomerular filtration rate
Decreased tubule length
Decreased sense of thirst
When you get old, what are some changes to your bladder?
Changes in detrusor muscle elasticity
Decreased bladder capacity
Decreased muscle tone of urinary sphincters
Enlarged prostate
Normal Specific gravity
1.000-1.030
What are things that should never be in our urine?
Glucose, Ketone bodies , Protein, Leukocyte Esterase, crystals, bacteria
Normal pH of urine
anywhere between 4-8
What happens if you leave a urine sample out?
Bacteria can grow!
Zip it up and throw thats shit on ice
Normal Serum Creatinine
0.2 – 1.0 mg/dl
What is Serum Creatinine a good indicator for?
renal failure 😜
Normal BUN
8-10 mg/dl
If the BUN is rising but the Serum Creatinine is bot then….
this aint no renal issue
When you are collecting a urine sample, what do you tell the patient to do?
Do not let the first dew drops go into the jar
How do you collect a urine sample from a foley cath?
form the tube NOT the bag
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder
Urethritis
Inflammatory process in urethra
Urethral stricture
narrowing of the the tubes that bring down urine
5 types of incontinence
stress
urge
overflow
functional
“mixed”
Stress Urinary Incontinence
weakening of the bladder neck
Associated w/ childbirth
Urge Urinary Incontinence
Overactieve bladder
Loss of urine r/t strong need/desire to urinate and inability to suppress feeling
Overflow urinary incontinence
underactive bladder
Bladder is over distended
Constant dribble
can be due to meds, spinal cord damage, BPH
Functional Urinary Incontinence
Caused by factors other than urinary tract issues
EX: Loss of cognitive function
Mixed Urinary Incontinence
combination of stress and urge
what is Urolithiasis
Presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract
symptoms of Urolithiasis
sudden onset of extreme pain
hematuria
oliguria
Ureteral spasm
True or false:
A stone that is not moving does not cause pain
TRUE
Treatment of Urolithiasis
shock the stone
Surgery
What is Polycystic Kidney Disease
Cyst fill with fluid in the nephron and continue to fill with the risk of rupture
symptoms of PKD
Pain, distended ab, constipation, hematuria/cloudy urine, kidney stones etc
PKD: Autosomal recessive
die early in childhood
PKD: Autosomal dominant
cyst in adulthood
Hydronephrosis
Outflow obstruction
Permanent damage quickly as 48 hrs and long as 2 weeks
Acute Pyelonephritis
Bacterial infection in the kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis
numerous episodes of acute pyelo in the past
Associated w? structural kidney issues, diabetes, neurologic impairment
Treatment for Chronic Pyelonephritis
Ureteral diversion or reimplantation
Diabetic Nephropathy
Microvascular complication
What is the leading cause to renal failure ?
Diabetic Nephropathy
What will you see a lot of in a urine sample of someone with Diabetic Nephropathy?
PROTEIN
Insulin and Diabetic Nephropathy…
re assess insulin requirements!!
BPH
outflow obstruction on the their urinary tract
Meds for BPH
5 alpha reductase inhibitors
Alpha blocking agents
What should you not take when on medication for BPH?
VIAGRA
what diet goes with BPH?
saw palmetto
If PSA is less than 4 or greater than 10… what could this be related to?
Prostate cancer
The arm that has a fistula you do not….
Take BP or
Puncture
In renal failure, nurses should always take..
daily weights of pt
Pt w/ renal failure should be on what kind of restriction?
Fluid restrictions
Should a patient fast before. a PSA test?
yes, 8 hour before
After a cystoscopy what is something you should tell the Pt not to be alarmed about?
Pink-tinged pee
After a TURP, the patient will feel the urge to…
PEE
