Neuro 💅 Flashcards
Glasgow Coma Scale: 1st central pain assessment
do supraorbital pressure by feeling the rigid of the orbit, the trapezius squeeze which is uncomfortable, then the sternal rub (try other less horrific things FIRST) → if you do not respond to those then there is a problem
Glasgow Coma Scale: 2nd peripheral pain assessment
testing the extremities for the responsiveness
What kind of test are used in Neuro?
Labs
Xrays
CT
MRI
PET
MRS
EEG
what does a CT do?
uses contrast and looks for structural changes
what does a MRI do?
looks at soft tissue
what does a PET scan do?
Looks for maligancies and cerebral blood flow
what should you not give before a PET scan?
No metformin for 24 hours before
What does a EEG do?
eval brain activity
What is happening when you have a migraine?
Spasm of cerebral arteries
Symptoms of a migraine
Unilateral front temporal throbbing pain
Stages of Migraine (4)
Prodrome
Aura
Headache, then termination of same
Post prodrome
Meds for migraines
NSAIDs
Triptans
Ergotamine derivatives
What is a cluster headache?
Excruciating, non throbbing pain
Onset related to relaxation, naps or rem sleep
last for 30-90minsn
Tension headaches
Present with neck shoulder and muscle tenderness, bilat pain at the base of the skull and forehead
lasts 4 hours
SEIZURES: tonic
abrupt increase of significant muscle tone
SEIZURES: clonic
rhythmic jerking of the extremities
SEIZURES: absence
brief, blank stare, no postictal period
SEIZURES: myoclonic
brief, involves, extremities either singly or in groups, may be symmetric or asymmetric
SEIZURES: Atonic
drop attack
SEIZURES: Complex partial
person loses consciousness, they may have automaticity, and they are unaware of what is going on and the event itself → usually involves the the temporal lobe
SEIZURES: : simple partial
person remains conscious, they may have an aura, they may have a deja vu, they may perceive an offensive smell, could see increased HR, GI upset
Seizure precautions!!!!
airway suction oxygen available IV access side rails up & padded
What do you never do during a seizure
Use a mother fucking tounge blade
or
restrict movement
Is it okay to drink when you are taking seizure meds?
HELL NO
EPILEPSY
Chronic disorder with recurrent unprovoked seizures; may be caused by abnormality in electrical neuronal activity and/ or due to imbalance
Triggers of Epilepsy
physical activity stress fatugue alc/caffeine flashing lights
Parkinson’s disease
Progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor ability
What are you losing when you have a Parks?
dopamine loss and norepinephrine loss
Dementia
A syndrome of slowly progressive cognitive decline
Patient is chronically confused
Delirium: hyperactive
restless, agitated, agressive
just like a loon
Delirium: hypoactive
quite and withdrawn
what is MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS?
Chronic autoimmune disease
Affects the myelin sheath and conduction pathway of the CNS
what is the goal of MS treatment?
Treating the symptoms and the slow the progression
Guillain Barre Syndrome
Acute autoimmune disorder; follows an acute illness
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Treatment for GBS
Plasmapheresis (plasma exchange)
Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Myasthenia Gravis
Chronic autoimmune disease of neuromuscular junction
Primarily in muscles innervated by cranial nerves, as well as in skeletal and respiratory muscles.
weak and fatigued
MG is caused by the formation of …
autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors
Treatment for MG
anticholinesterase
Immunosuppressants
IV immunoglobulin
Myasthenic crisis
exacerbation of the symptoms caused by under-medication with the anticholinesterases:
Cholinergic crisis
acute exacerbation of muscle weakness caused by overmedication with anticholinesterase drugs
What should someone with MG avoid?
overheating, staying out of crowds, extreme changes in sleeping habits, or emotional extremes
Bells Palsy
Acute inflammation of of the seventh cranial nerve
Unilateral!!!
