ortho 🗣 Flashcards
Changes in the old people
Decreased bone density
Synovial joint cartilage less elastic
Muscle tissue atrophy
Result = decreased coordination, loss of strength, gait changes
where are dislocations commonly seen?
knees and shoulders
normal serum calcium
9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL
normal serum phosphorus
3.9 - 4.5 mg/ dl
what is Osteoporosis ?
Disease of demineralization of the bone = increased osteoclastic activity of the bone, decreased osteoblastic activity
who is at risk for Osteoporosis ?
women ppl 60 or over you got a fam history low calcium intake estrogen deficiency
what does calcitonin do?
stops osteoclast activity
meds for Osteoporosis
Parathyroid hormone = forteo
Selective estrogen receptor modulators
Calcitonin
calcium supp
what is Osteomyelitis?
bone infection caused by Bacterial, fungal, viral
Treatment for Osteomyelitis
drug therapy (antibiotics)
Debridement of necrotic bone
Bone grafts
Amputation
Osteomyelitis: Neurovascular compromise –the 5 P
Pain intractable (cannot get pain under control) Paresis or paralysis Paresthesias Pallor Pulselessness
FRACTURE: Complete or incomplete
broke all the through or only part of the way
FRACTURE: Closed (simple) vs open
in or out of the skin
FRACTURE: Displaced vs nondisplaced
not in alignment or in alignment
FRACTURE: Comminuted (fragmented)
you got flakes of bone ew
FRACTURE: Pathologic (spontaneous)
dont know why or how
FRACTURE: stress fracture
think about runners
FRACTURE: Compression
you dove into a pool with no water and you little vertebrae got all smushed together ❤️
FRACTURE: greenstick
more common in kids bc they got bendy bones
FRACTURE: spiral
idk a spiral
how long should bone healing take in a health young person?
6weeks
complications of fractures
hemorrhagic shock
venus throm🤝
infection / osteomyelitis
ischemic / necrosis
malunion of bone
fat embolism 5😮
Fat embolism Syndrome
resulting from release of fat globules into bloodstream
common treatment for fracture is…
Closed reduction and immobilization using splint , bandage, cast, or traction
what is external fixation?
self drilling pins implanted in bone, held in place by an external metal frame to prevent bone movement
what is open reduction and internal fixation?
Direct visualization
Permits early mobilization
Hardware may need to be removed in the future
Hip fractures involve what part of the femur?
upper ⅓ of femur
Hip fracture: Intracapsular
within the joint capsule
Hip fracture: Extracapsular
outside joint capsule
How is a hip fracture usually fixed?
open reduction and internal fixation
what is an absolute contradiction of an open reduction and internal fixation?
Osteoporosis hoe …
Number 2 cause of death from trauma
pelvic fractures lol🗣
Compression fractures of the spine are most commonly associated with…
OSTEO fucking POROSIS
…. shocker 👀
Levels of amputations 😤
Above knee amputation
Below knee amputation
Great toe amputation 💅
Complications of amputations
hemorrhage
infection
phantom limb pain
immobility
What medication is used for phantom limb pain?
calcitonin, Beta blockers, anticovulsants,
