ortho 🗣

Question 1

Changes in the old people

Answer 1

Decreased bone density
Synovial joint cartilage less elastic
Muscle tissue atrophy
Result = decreased coordination, loss of strength, gait changes

Question 2

where are dislocations commonly seen?

Answer 2

knees and shoulders

Question 3

normal serum calcium

Answer 3

9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL

Question 4

normal serum phosphorus

Answer 4

3.9 - 4.5 mg/ dl

Question 5

what is Osteoporosis ?

Answer 5

Disease of demineralization of the bone = increased osteoclastic activity of the bone, decreased osteoblastic activity

Question 6

who is at risk for Osteoporosis ?

Answer 6

women 
ppl 60 or over 
you got a fam history 
low calcium intake 
estrogen deficiency

Question 7

what does calcitonin do?

Answer 7

stops osteoclast activity

Question 8

meds for Osteoporosis

Answer 8

Parathyroid hormone = forteo

Selective estrogen receptor modulators

Calcitonin

calcium supp

Question 9

what is Osteomyelitis?

Answer 9

bone infection caused by Bacterial, fungal, viral

Question 10

Treatment for Osteomyelitis

Answer 10

drug therapy (antibiotics)

Debridement of necrotic bone

Bone grafts

Amputation

Question 11

Osteomyelitis: Neurovascular compromise –the 5 P

Answer 11

Pain intractable (cannot get pain under control)
Paresis or paralysis 
Paresthesias
Pallor 
Pulselessness

Question 12

FRACTURE: Complete or incomplete

Answer 12

broke all the through or only part of the way

Question 13

FRACTURE: Closed (simple) vs open

Answer 13

in or out of the skin

Question 14

FRACTURE: Displaced vs nondisplaced

Answer 14

not in alignment or in alignment

Question 15

FRACTURE: Comminuted (fragmented)

Answer 15

you got flakes of bone ew

Question 16

FRACTURE: Pathologic (spontaneous)

Answer 16

dont know why or how

Question 17

FRACTURE: stress fracture

Answer 17

think about runners

Question 18

FRACTURE: Compression

Answer 18

you dove into a pool with no water and you little vertebrae got all smushed together ❤️

Question 19

FRACTURE: greenstick

Answer 19

more common in kids bc they got bendy bones

Question 20

FRACTURE: spiral

Answer 20

idk a spiral

Question 21

how long should bone healing take in a health young person?

Answer 21

6weeks

Question 22

complications of fractures

Answer 22

hemorrhagic shock

venus throm🤝

infection / osteomyelitis

ischemic / necrosis

malunion of bone

fat embolism 5😮

Question 23

Fat embolism Syndrome

Answer 23

resulting from release of fat globules into bloodstream

Question 24

common treatment for fracture is…

Answer 24

Closed reduction and immobilization using splint , bandage, cast, or traction

Question 25

what is external fixation?

Answer 25

self drilling pins implanted in bone, held in place by an external metal frame to prevent bone movement

Question 26

what is open reduction and internal fixation?

Answer 26

Direct visualization
Permits early mobilization
Hardware may need to be removed in the future

Question 27

Hip fractures involve what part of the femur?

Answer 27

upper ⅓ of femur

Question 28

Hip fracture: Intracapsular

Answer 28

within the joint capsule

Question 29

Hip fracture: Extracapsular

Answer 29

outside joint capsule

Question 30

How is a hip fracture usually fixed?

Answer 30

open reduction and internal fixation

Question 31

what is an absolute contradiction of an open reduction and internal fixation?

Answer 31

Osteoporosis hoe …

Question 32

Number 2 cause of death from trauma

Answer 32

pelvic fractures lol🗣

Question 33

Compression fractures of the spine are most commonly associated with…

Answer 33

OSTEO fucking POROSIS

…. shocker 👀

Question 34

Levels of amputations 😤

Answer 34

Above knee amputation
Below knee amputation
Great toe amputation 💅

Question 35

Complications of amputations

Answer 35

hemorrhage
infection
phantom limb pain
immobility

Question 36

What medication is used for phantom limb pain?

Answer 36

calcitonin, Beta blockers, anticovulsants,