Renal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Formula for excreted amount

A

Filtered - reabsorbed + secreted.

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2
Q

Peritubular capillary

A

Capillary following the efferent arteriole

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3
Q

Glomerular filtration rate

A

Amount that enters bowman’s space, 125mL.

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4
Q

Renal plasma flow

A

Amount of blood passing through the glomerular capillary, 625mL/min

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5
Q

Filtration fraction

A

GFR/RPF, 0.2.

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6
Q

Podocyte

A

Modified epithelial cells that are involved in the filtration barrier.

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7
Q

Filtration barrier layers (3)

A

Fenestrations
Basement membrane
Podocyte slit pores

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8
Q

What properties determine glomerular filter ability

A

Size and Charge
18Å > 45Å
positive > negative

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9
Q

Proteins do/do not filter into bowman’s space

A

DO NOT! BAD THING IF SO.

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10
Q

GFR is the consequence of

A

ultrafiltration coefficient and net filtration pressure.

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11
Q

Hydrostatic pressure (P)

A

Limited containers cause pressure

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12
Q

Colloid pressure

A

Osmotic pressure due to many proteins in one fluid.

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13
Q

Forces favouring filtration

A

Pgc
πbs

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14
Q

Forces opposing filtration

A

Pbs
πgc

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15
Q

GFR =

A

Kf x (Pgc - Pbs - πgc)

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16
Q

Positive pressure goes from the ____ into the _____.

A

Glomerular capillary to the bowman’s space

17
Q

Most important pressure

18
Q

Lower Pnet at the efferent end? why?

A

Protein concentration has increased, counter pressure goes up for πgc.

19
Q

Constriction of the afferent

A

Blood flow through decreases.
Easily leaves glomerular, blood build up decreasing, pressure goes down.
GFR decreases.

20
Q

Constriction of the efferent

A

Blood builds up in the glomerulus, causing the pressure to increase. GFR increases.

21
Q

Dilation of the afferent

A

More blood flows in, leaves at the same rate causing it to build up. Pressure increases, and so does GFR.

22
Q

Dilation of the efferent

A

Easier for blood to leave causing a decrease in blood in the glomerulus. This decreases pressure, decreasing GFR.

23
Q

Natriuretic peptides as a vasodilator and constrictor in increasing urine production

A

Dilates afferent (increase GFR), constricts efferent (increase GFR).

24
Q

Autoregulation of GFR and RBF (2) ways

A
  1. myogenic mechanism
  2. tubulogenic feedback
25
Myogenic mechanism
Smooth muscle stretch stimulates SSCa2+ channels causing contraction, increasing afferent arteriolar resistance.
26
Tubulogenic feedback mechanism
Increased GFR causing nephronic NACl to increase. Macula densa senses using JGA cells, causing afferent constriction.
27
Chronic kidney disease
Progressive loss of kidney function decreases GFR and urinary production down from 125mL/min.
28
Measuring GFR via inulin clearance
Inject people GFR = (Uin x V) / Pin) 1mg/mL in plasma, 125mg/mL in urine as water is reabsorbed.
29
Measuring GFR via creatinine clearance
FIltered well by kidneys Clearance is very similar to GFR clearance = (Ucr x V) / Pcr
30
Plasma creatinine to clinically measure GFR
Creatinine clearance decreases as kidney function decreases, causing build up in plasma
31