Cardiovascular Physiology I

Question 1

Valve from the r. atrium to the r. ventricle

Answer 1

Tricuspid valve

Question 2

Valve from the l. atrium to the l. ventricle

Answer 2

Mitral/bicupsid

Question 3

Valve exiting the l. ventricle

Answer 3

Aortic

Question 4

Valve exiting the r. ventricle

Answer 4

Pulmonary

Question 5

Direction of blood flow in heart

Answer 5

Vena Cava - RA - RV pulmonary circulation - LA - LV - Aorta - systemic circulation

Question 6

Diastole vs systole

Answer 6

Ventricular relaxation; ventricular contraction.

Question 7

Endocardium

Answer 7

Thin inner layer made up of endothelial cells. Acts as a blood-heart barrier.

Question 8

Myocardial layer

Answer 8

Middle layer, composed of cardiac muscle and constituting the bulk of the heart wall. Generates the force for pumping function and conducts impulses.

Question 9

Epicardium

Answer 9

Thin external layer, composed of mesothelial cells, fat, and connective tissues. Provides mechanical support and important for repair and development.

Question 10

Cardiac muscle as syncytium

Answer 10

Many fused cardiac cell, connected by intercalated discs (gap junctions and desmosomes). Rich in mitochondria and composed of many microfibrils.

Question 11

2 pumping cells of the heart

Answer 11

Contraction of cardiac muscles is triggered by action potentials. 1% conductive, 99% contractile.

Question 12

Cardiac action potential

Answer 12

Transient reversible electromagnetochemical wave-front responsible for the generation of the cardiac impulse.

Question 13

Pacemaker cell response

Answer 13

Slow AP propagation, absent phase-1, Vm -60mV

Question 14

Contractile mycoytes response

Answer 14

Fast propagation, phases 0-4 present, resting Vm of -90mV.