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Social Studies 6th > Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment Study Guide > Flashcards

Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

Which country is often credited as the birthplace of the Renaissance?

A

Italy

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2
Q

Which historical figure is best known for creating the paintings titled Last Supper and the Mona Lisa?

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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3
Q

Why did the arts become popular during the European Renaissance?

A

Humanists inspired artists to enjoy and celebrate life.

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4
Q

Why did the Catholic Church react negatively to the spread of knowledge throughout Europe during the Renaissance?

A

Many new discoveries were challenging the teachings and ideas of the church.

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5
Q

How did the personal life of England’s King Henry VIII impact the spread of Protestant ideas in Europe?

A

King Henry VIII gave support to the spread of Protestant ideas by leaving the Catholic Church because he wanted to divorce his wife, which the church wouldn’t allow.

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6
Q

In what way did the development of the printing press in Europe impact society?

A

It supported the spread of new ideas.

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7
Q

Michelangelo, Donatello, Leonardo, and William Shakespeare were all important to the ____________.

A

Renaissance

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8
Q

What was Martin Luther known for?

A

Challenging the Church’s ideas, spreading protestant ideas, and starting the Lutheran Church.

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9
Q

What are the events leading up to the Protestant Reformation?

A

Henry VIII wanted to change the church; Luther’s 95 Theses

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10
Q

Why was Italy the center of the Renaissance?

A

It was located by the Mediterranean Sea, and therefore was a center for trade.

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11
Q

Leonardo da Vinci was the ‘perfect Renaissance man’. What does this mean?

A

He was an artist, scientist, and inventor.

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12
Q

Who invented the printing press?

A

Johannes Gutenberg

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13
Q

What was the result of the Protestant Reformation?

A

Breaking the religious unity of Europe - a new branch of Christianity called Protestantism was born.

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14
Q

Art, religion, and ________ played a major role in the Renaissance.

A

science

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15
Q

Which important wealthy family helped fund many projects in Italy, helping spur the Renaissance?

A

the Medici family

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16
Q

Where did Martin Luther post his 95 Theses?

A

To the doors of Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany

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17
Q

Why did Martin Luther write his 95 Theses?

A

To argue against the church and make change.

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18
Q

How did the Medici family influence the European Renaissance?

A

They used their wealth to support art, architecture, and science.

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19
Q

What institution was most threatened by the theories of the Scientific Revolution?

A

the Catholic Church

20
Q

What is the name of the theory in which all of the planets revolve around the Sun?

A

Heliocentric Theory

21
Q

Why is Francis Bacon relevant to numerous levels of modern science?

A

He invented the first version of the Scientific Method.

22
Q

Who came up with the Heliocentric Theory?

A

Copernicus, and Galileo proved it.

23
Q

What is the Heliocentric Theory?

A

All planets revolve around the Sun.

24
Q

Which historical figure developed the universal laws of motion?

A

Isaac Newton.

25
Q

In what way did the scientific method change European society in the 1600s?

A

It created a formula for new ideas to be made using reasoning.

26
Q

How did the ideas of the Scientific Revolution influence European philosophy during the Enlightenment?

A

Reasoning became more valued during the Scientific Revolution, and this spread to philosophers during the Enlightenment.

27
Q

What are philosophers?

A

People who use logic and reason to solve problems.

28
Q

John Locke believed that people should write a _____________ to protect the rights of the people.

A

social contract

29
Q

Rousseau believed that government is based on a social contract and that the government’s job is to _____ the general will of the people.

A

protect

30
Q

John Locke believed that people were born with ____________.

A

natural rights

31
Q

What were the natural rights that John Locke believed everyone was born with?

A

life, liberty, and property

32
Q

John Locke believed that government’s job is to protect the ________________________.

A

Rights of the people

33
Q

Rousseau believed that human nature was ________.

A

good

34
Q

Rousseau believed in _________ government.

A

limited

35
Q

Rousseau believed that ________ corrupted the good nature of humans.

A

society

36
Q

Montesquieu outlined a ______________ for government.

A

new structure

37
Q

Montesquieu recommended ______________________.

A

three branches of government

38
Q

What were the three branches of government that Montesquieu believed in?

A

Executive, legislative, and judicial

39
Q

Montesquieu’s government ideas created _______________________.

A

separation of powers

40
Q

separation of powers = ______________________________

A

checks and balances

41
Q

The legislative branch _____ laws.

A

makes

42
Q

The executive branch ______ laws.

A

enforces

43
Q

The judicial branch ______ laws.

A

interprets

44
Q

Voltaire believed in freedom of ___________ and ______________.

A

speech and religion.

45
Q

Voltaire supported separation of _________ and __________.

A

church and state

46
Q

Smith ________ capitalism

A

supported

47
Q

Smith believed in the ______ market.

A

free

Social Studies 6th (10 decks)

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