Renaissance/Reformation Flashcards
Renaissance
A period of European history during which renewed interest in classical culture like to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world.
Medici Family
Controlled Florence. One of the most powerful banking families in Italy.
Humanism
a intelectual movement in which thinkers studied classical text and focused on human potential and achievements
Patron
Of person who supports artists, especially financially
Secular
Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
Baldassare Castiglione
Wrote a book called The Courtier that taught how to become a Renaissance Man.
Perspective
And artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface
Michelangelo Buonarroti
A sculptor, poet, architect, and painter who used a realistic style when depicting the human body. Statue of David
Leonardo da Vinci
A painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. Painted the Mona Lisa. Accurate anatomical drawings.
Raphael
Famous for his use of perspective. Loved to paint the Madonna and child. Painted the walls of Pope Julius II’s library, and also painted famous Renaissance figures as classical philosophers and their students. Painted the school of Athens
Francesco Petrarch
One of the earliest and most influential humanists, “Father of Renaissance humanism. Great poet who wrote in Italian and Latin.
Machiavelli
Wrote the book, The Prince, which acted as a political form of a guidebook.
The Prince
Examines the perfect conduct of human beings. Its better to be feared than loved.
Donatello
Made sculptures more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions that revealed personality. Statue of David: more feminine.
St. Peter’s Basilica/Sistine Chapel
the chapel of the pope in the Vatican at Rome, built for Pope Sixtus IV and decorated with frescoes by Michelangelo and others.
City-States
City and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit
Contrapposto
an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with while balancing those of the hips and legs.
Fresco
a painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling
Vernacular
The everyday language of people in a religion or country
95 Theses
A document written by Martin Luther in 1517, challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church on the nature of penance, the authority of the pope and the usefulness of indulgences.
Martin Luther
German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds
Edict of Worms
Order made by Charles V the Holy Roman Emperor banning the writings of Martin Luther and labeling him a heretic and enemy of the state
Johann Tetzel
Friar who raised money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral by selling indulgences.
John Calvin
French theologian who was a principal figure in the development of the system called Calvinism. Published Institutes of the Christian Religion, saying that God has already chosen who is going to be saved.
Predestination
The doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved
Henry VIII
He established the Church of England by the Act of Supremacy
Anne Boleyn
Henry VIII’s second wife who bore Elizabeth I then beheaded.
Catherine of Aragon
Henry VIII’s first wife who bore him a daughter and was executed after being divorced from him.
Act of Supremacy
a piece of legislation that granted King Henry VIII of England Royal Supremacy, which means that he was declared the supreme head of the Church of England
Anglican Church
The Church of England, lead by Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I
Reestablished Protestantism in England. Her reign was notable for commercial growth, maritime expansion, and the flourishing of literature, music, and architecture
Calvinism
A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin
Council of Trent
A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by the Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers
Jesuits
Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
Ignatius of Loyola
Wrote a book called Spiritual Exercises. Founded the Jesuits and was a leader of the Counter Reformation.
Anabaptists
A member of a Protestant group that believes in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the separation of church and state
Thomas More
In his book, Utopia, he tried to show a better model of society
Utopia
An imaginary land described by Thomas Moore in his book Utopia, An ideal place.
Johann Gutenberg
Invented the printing press by which he printed a complete Bible, the Gutenberg Bible
Desiderius Erasmus
Best known of the Christian humanist. Wrote a book called the Praise of Folly, which poked fun at greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests. Believe that all people should study the Bible in order to improve society.
William Shakespeare
The most famous writer of the Elizabeth Age
Globe Theater
Many of the great plays of William Shakespeare were first performed here
Albrecht Dürer
German artist. Traveled to Italy to study, and upon returning back to Germany, he brought back Italian Renaissance ideas. Many of his prints portray religious subjects. Others portray classical myths or realistic landscapes.
Indulgences
a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin
Christian Humanism
Focused on the reform of society and bringing back religious cultures. Promoted the education of woman and founded mixed gender schools.
Peasant’s Revolt
The raiding of monasteries, pillaging, and burning by German Peasants who demanded an end to serfdom
