Exploration/Absolutism Flashcards
Prince Henry
1419, founded an exploration school in Portugal.
encomienda
a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers.
Atlantic Slave Trade
the buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas.
triangular trade
the transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in the Americas.
Middle passage
the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies to be sold as slaves.
Columbian Exchange
the global transfer of plants, animals, and disease that occurred during the European colonization of the Americas.
capitalism
an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit. Take risks for big pay off.
mercantilism
an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.
favorable balance of trade
where a nation sold more goods than it bought.
joint-stock company
a business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits.
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
An imaginary line that divided the territories between Spain and Portugal. West of the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain; Anything East would belong to Portugal.
conquistadors
the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century.
Philip II
Ruled Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, Portugal, and the American Colonies.
Absolutism
political belief that one ruler should hold all of the power within the boundaries of a country.
Rembrandt van Rijn
Greatest Dutch artist. Painted portraits of wealthy middle-class merchants and also group portraits.
Jan Vermeer
Dutch artist. Often painted women doing everyday work. Chose domestic indoor settings for his portraits.
Ivan the Terrible
the ruler of Russia 1533, won territories and gave Russia the code of law in his “good period.” In his “bad period,” he used his secret police to murder people he thought as traitors.
James I
First King of Scotland than went to England in 1603 and became ruler there. Had issue with parliament, struggled with money.
James II
1685 king of England. Devoted Catholic. He offended parliament and his people by displaying his Catholicism. Fled to France (was overthrown by his own daughter)
Restoration
The period of Charles II rule when he restored the monarchy after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell’s government.
Junkers
Prussia’s landowning nobility
Cardinal Richelieu
Minister during Louis XIII rule. Increased the Bourbon monarchy by weakening the nobles power and forbade Protestant cities to have walls.
Louis XIV
Most powerful ruler in French history. Devoted himself to helping France attain economic, political, and cultural brilliance.
Thirty Years’ War
European conflict over religion and territory an for power among ruling families. 1618-1648
