Exploration/Absolutism

Question 1

Prince Henry

Answer 1

1419, founded an exploration school in Portugal.

Question 2

encomienda

Answer 2

a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers.

Question 3

Atlantic Slave Trade

Answer 3

the buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas.

Question 4

triangular trade

Answer 4

the transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in the Americas.

Question 5

Middle passage

Answer 5

the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies to be sold as slaves.

Question 6

Columbian Exchange

Answer 6

the global transfer of plants, animals, and disease that occurred during the European colonization of the Americas.

Question 7

capitalism

Answer 7

an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit. Take risks for big pay off.

Question 8

mercantilism

Answer 8

an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.

Question 9

favorable balance of trade

Answer 9

where a nation sold more goods than it bought.

Question 10

joint-stock company

Answer 10

a business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits.

Question 11

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

Answer 11

An imaginary line that divided the territories between Spain and Portugal. West of the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain; Anything East would belong to Portugal.

Question 12

conquistadors

Answer 12

the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century.

Question 13

Philip II

Answer 13

Ruled Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, Portugal, and the American Colonies.

Question 14

Absolutism

Answer 14

political belief that one ruler should hold all of the power within the boundaries of a country.

Question 15

Rembrandt van Rijn

Answer 15

Greatest Dutch artist. Painted portraits of wealthy middle-class merchants and also group portraits.

Question 16

Jan Vermeer

Answer 16

Dutch artist. Often painted women doing everyday work. Chose domestic indoor settings for his portraits.

Question 17

Ivan the Terrible

Answer 17

the ruler of Russia 1533, won territories and gave Russia the code of law in his “good period.” In his “bad period,” he used his secret police to murder people he thought as traitors.

Question 18

James I

Answer 18

First King of Scotland than went to England in 1603 and became ruler there. Had issue with parliament, struggled with money.

Question 19

James II

Answer 19

1685 king of England. Devoted Catholic. He offended parliament and his people by displaying his Catholicism. Fled to France (was overthrown by his own daughter)

Question 20

Restoration

Answer 20

The period of Charles II rule when he restored the monarchy after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell’s government.

Question 21

Junkers

Answer 21

Prussia’s landowning nobility

Question 22

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 22

Minister during Louis XIII rule. Increased the Bourbon monarchy by weakening the nobles power and forbade Protestant cities to have walls.

Question 23

Louis XIV

Answer 23

Most powerful ruler in French history. Devoted himself to helping France attain economic, political, and cultural brilliance.

Question 24

Thirty Years’ War

Answer 24

European conflict over religion and territory an for power among ruling families. 1618-1648

Question 25

Maria Theresa

Answer 25

Charles VI oldest daughter that inherited the Austrian throne.

Question 26

Frederick the Great

Answer 26

Frederick II. Encouraged religious toleration and legal reform. Believed that a ruler should be like a father to his people. Had a strong army

Question 27

Prussia

Answer 27

a state to the north of Austria

Question 28

Seven Years’ War

Answer 28

a conflict in Europe, NAmerica, and India in which the forces of Britain and Prussia battle those of Austria, Frances, Russia, and others.

Question 29

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 29

A treaty that ended the Thirty Year’s War.

• weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria
• strengthened France
• ended religious wars in Europe
• made German Princes independent of the Holy Roman Emperor
• introduced a new method of peace negotiation

Question 30

Boyars

Answer 30

a landowning noble of Russia

Question 31

Czar Peter the Great

Answer 31

ruled in 1696 in Russia, one of Russia’s greatest reformer . He helped increase the czar’s power. Westernized Europe. Believed that in order for Russia to succeed, it needed to have a warm-water port.

Question 32

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 32

General who was recruited by the Puritans. His army defeated the Royalists and in 1645 they imprisoned the king.

Question 33

Charles I

Answer 33

Charles I, son of James I. Always need more money because of the wars with France and Spain. Signed a petition made by Parliament in order to get more money but ignored the petition after agreeing to it.

Question 34

English Civil War

Answer 34

a conflict, in which Puritans supporters of parliament battled supporters of England’s monarchy (Royalists)

Question 35

Glorious Revolution

Answer 35

the bloodless overthrow of the English king James II and his replacement by William and Mary

Question 36

Charles II

Answer 36

Oldest son of Charles I. Restored the monarchy

Question 37

Devine Right of King

Answer 37

The idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and therefore answerable only to God. The king is thus not subject to the will of his people, the aristocracy, or any other estate of the realm, including the Church. According to this doctrine, only God can judge an unjust king.

Question 38

War of the Austrian Succession

Answer 38

A war between Prussia and Austria and other European Powers. Frederick II wanted the Austrian land of Silesia, which produced iron ore, textiles, and food products.