Renaissance Flashcards
What does renaissance mean?
Rebirth
What is Andreas Vesalius known for?
- Writing The Fabric of the Human Body
- Disproving some of Galen’s theories
- Lecturing at Padua university
Which of Galen’s theories did Vesalius disprove?
- The lower jaw was made up of one, not two bones
- The heart had no holes
- The liver had two, not five lobes
What is William Harvey known for?
- He worked out the heart pumped blood around the body
- He worked out blood travelled around the body in a one way system
- Was the royal physician for James I and Charles I
What is Ambrose Paré known for?
- Using an old roman ointment instead of cauterisation
- Using ligatures to tie off closed blood vessels
What is John Hunter known for?
- He encouraged the use of amputation only as a last resort
- Trained Edward Jenner
- Was the surgeon to George III
What was The Fabric of the Human Body?
- Book written by Vesalius and illustrated by Da Vinci
- Contained over 600 anatomical drawings that were detailed and accurate
What was John Hunter known as?
The founder of scientific surgery
What is another name for the renaissance period?
The early modern period
Who was the main opposition to changes in medicine in the renaissance period?
The church
What did Galileo Galilei do that went against the church?
He said the Earth orbited the Sun
Who was Paracelsus?
- German physician
- Went against Galen
- Said disease originated from outside the body
What law was put in place to ensure surgeons were trained?
All surgeons within 7 miles of London had to have been given a licence by the Royal College of Surgeons
When did the Great Plague begin?
1665
By the 19th Century, what percentage of surgeons had undergone apprenticeships?
Almost 50%
What was the government response to the Plague?
- Infected people were locked in their houses with a Red Cross on the door
- All cats and dogs in London were killed
- Banned people going to pubic meeting places eg. taverns
What did people believe caused the Plague?
- Miasma
- God
What did plague doctors wear?
- Clothing that covered the whole body to prevent contact with air
- Had lavender in the beak shaped mask because of bad air
What caused more deaths, The Black Death or The Great Plague?
The Black Death
Why did the Great Plague kill less people than the Black Death?
Organised government response lead to the disease spreading less
What impact did The Great Fire of London have on The Great Plague?
- It killed lots of the rats that spread the disease
- The poor quality housing was destroyed and replaced with better housing (planned by Christopher Wren)
What poor public health conditions were present in London?
- Cramped housing
- Animals in the street
- Houses made of wood (which attracted rodents)
Name 3 major changes in medicine during the Renaissance period
- Apothecaries set up in most towns
- New ingredients for medicine were available from across the world
- Growth in popularity of quack medicine
What was quack medicine?
Fake medicine that was often addictive that did nothing to treat the disease
When was smallpox eradicated?
1980
Who was Lady Mary Wortley Montague?
The person who brought the idea of inoculation to protect against smallpox to Britain
Who invented vaccination?
Edward Jenner
Who was Edward Jenner?
Doctor who discovered that catching cowpox prevented someone from catching smallpox in 1796
What opposition was there to vaccination?
- Some people believed it would turn you into a cow
- Some people believed it was ungodly
- Jenner had no idea why it worked
