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GCSE History (Medicine) > 19th Century > Flashcards

19th Century Flashcards

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1
Q

Who discovered that nitrous oxide could be used as an anaesthetic?

A

Sir Humphrey Davy in 1799

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2
Q

What is Sir Humphrey Davy known for?

A

Discovering that nitrous oxide could be used as an anaesthetic

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3
Q

What is nitrous oxide more commonly known as?

A

Laughing gas

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4
Q

Who discovered that ether could be used as an anaesthetic?

A

William Morton in 1846

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5
Q

What were the negatives of ether?

A
  • Irritated eyes and lungs
  • Highly flammable
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6
Q

Who discovered that chloroform was an effective anaesthetic?

A

James Simpson in 1847

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7
Q

What is William Morton known for?

A

Discovering that ether could be used as an anaesthetic

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8
Q

What is James Simpson known for?

A

Discovering that chloroform could be used as an anaesthetic

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9
Q

What were the negatives of nitrous oxide as an anaesthetic?

A

It didn’t make patients completely unconscious

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10
Q

What problems were there with anaesthetics when first used?

A

Surgeons didn’t know the correct dosage which resulted in deaths

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11
Q

What is Joseph Lister known for?

A

Discovering the antiseptic qualities of carbolic acid and developing a carbolic spray

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12
Q

What happened to public health conditions in the 19th century and why?

A

They declined due to:
- Large growth in population
- People living in close proximity
- Lack of toilets and clean drinking water

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13
Q

Who wrote On the Sanitary Conditions of the Working Population?

A

Edwin Chadwick in 1842

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14
Q

What is Edwin Chadwick known for?

A
  • Publishing a report On the Sanitary Conditions of the Working Population
  • It said that ill health was caused by poor living conditions, not idleness
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15
Q

When was the first Public Health Act published?

A

1848

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16
Q

What did the 1848 Public Health Act include?

A
  • National Board of Health set up
  • Optional measures eg. improvements to local sanitary conditions
17
Q

When was the second Public Health Act passed?

A

1875

18
Q

Other than the Public Health Acts, what other pieces of legislation were passed to improve public health?

A
  • 1870 Education Act
  • 1875 Artisans’ Dwellings Act
19
Q

What was the difference between the 1848 and 1875 Public Health Acts?

A

The 1875 act made the measures from the 1848 act compulsory

20
Q

What did the 1870 Education Act do?

A

Make schooling compulsory

21
Q

What did the 1875 Artisans’ Dwellings Act do?

A

Allow councils to buy, demolish and rebuild slum housing to improve living conditions

22
Q

What is John Snow known for?

A

Identifying that cholera was spread by water during the 1854 cholera outbreak on Broad Street

23
Q

What caused the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak?

A

A cesspit leaking into the water supply

24
Q

Which people were unaffected by the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak?

A

The people who worked in the local brewery

25
Q

What is Louis Pasteur known for?

A
  • Coming up with his Germ Theory
  • Inventing Pasteurisation
  • Producing the first vaccination made in a lab
26
Q

What is Germ Theory?

A

The idea that germs (pathogens) caused disease, not the other way round

27
Q

What theory did Pasteur go against?

A

The Theory of Spontaneous Generation

28
Q

What is Robert Koch known for?

A
  • Proving that germs (pathogens) caused disease in humans
  • Identifying the specific microbes that caused 21 different diseases
29
Q

What is Paul Ehrlich known for?

A

Discovering magic bullets to kill syphilis, malaria & sleeping sickness

30
Q

What is a magic bullet?

A

A nickname for antibodies that attacked specific disease causing microbes

31
Q

Name 3 major inventions from the 19th century that helped to treat disease

A
  • Stethoscopes
  • Thermometers
  • X-ray machines

GCSE History (Medicine) (4 decks)

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