20th Century Flashcards
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Flemming
What is Alexander Fleming known for?
Discovering penicillin in 1928
Which two people researched penicillin further and were the first to test it on a human?
Flory and Chain
Who were Flory and Chain?
Two people who:
- Researched penicillin further and were
- The first to test it on a human
How did penicillin end up being mass produced?
During WW2 the US government paid drug countries to manufacture it so it could be used to treat soldiers
What problems are there now from antibiotics?
The overuse of antibiotics has lead to many bacteria becoming resistant
Give one example of a bacteria that has become immune to antibiotics
MRSA
Give 3 examples of alternative medicine
- Acupuncture
- Hypnotherapy
- Hydrotherapy
Give 3 examples of surgical advancements from WW1
- X-rays
- Blood transfusions
- Plastic surgery
Who pioneered plastic surgery?
Harold Gillies
What development in blood transfusions happened in WW1?
First blood banks were set up
What development in blood transfusions happened in WW2?
Blood could be dehydrated into plasma and stored in wallets instead of bottles
When were different blood groups discovered?
1901
Name 3 modern surgical methods
- Laser surgery
- Radiation therapy
- Keyhole surgery
What is laser surgery?
Surgery were tissue is cut with lasers, usually for eye surgery
Why is laser surgery good?
It is very precise
What is keyhole surgery?
Surgery where only a small incision is made
What is radiation therapy?
Cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells
What problem with soldiers was there in the Boer War?
40% of volunteers were deemed unfit to serve
What is Charles Booth known for?
Investigating poverty in London
What were Booth’s findings in his report?
- 31% of Londoners were living in poverty
- 85% of poverty was due to unemployment and low wages
What is Seebohm Rowntree known for?
- Investigating poverty in York following Booth’s report
What were Rowntree’s findings in his report?
28% of York was living in poverty
List 5 principles of the Liberal Social Reforms
- Free school meals
- Medical checks in schools
- National insurance introduced
- Pensions introduced
- Sick pay & unemployment pay
When was The Beverage Report published?
1942
What was William Beverage known for?
Producing The Beverage Report
What did Beverage say in his report?
- People should be free of the Five Giants of Poverty
- The government should take charge of social security from the cradle to the grave
What were the 5 Giants of Poverty?
- Ignorance
- Want
- Disease
- Idleness
- Squalor
What did The Beverage report lead to?
The introduction of the welfare state
What did Booth and Rowntree’s reports lead to?
The Liberal Welfare Reforms
What did the Welfare State include?
- Introduction of the NHS
- Introduction of benefits
- Free universities
When was the NHS set up?
1948
Who implemented the NHS?
Aneurin Bevan
What was the general concept of the NHS?
Healthcare that was free at the point of delivery
What are the modern problems with health in the 21st century?
- People eat too much
- People drink too much alcohol
- This has lead to more people who are obese or have heart disease
