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GCSE History (Medicine) > 20th Century > Flashcards

20th Century Flashcards

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1
Q

Who discovered penicillin?

A

Alexander Flemming

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2
Q

What is Alexander Fleming known for?

A

Discovering penicillin in 1928

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3
Q

Which two people researched penicillin further and were the first to test it on a human?

A

Flory and Chain

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4
Q

Who were Flory and Chain?

A

Two people who:
- Researched penicillin further and were
- The first to test it on a human

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5
Q

How did penicillin end up being mass produced?

A

During WW2 the US government paid drug countries to manufacture it so it could be used to treat soldiers

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6
Q

What problems are there now from antibiotics?

A

The overuse of antibiotics has lead to many bacteria becoming resistant

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7
Q

Give one example of a bacteria that has become immune to antibiotics

A

MRSA

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8
Q

Give 3 examples of alternative medicine

A
  • Acupuncture
  • Hypnotherapy
  • Hydrotherapy
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9
Q

Give 3 examples of surgical advancements from WW1

A
  • X-rays
  • Blood transfusions
  • Plastic surgery
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10
Q

Who pioneered plastic surgery?

A

Harold Gillies

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11
Q

What development in blood transfusions happened in WW1?

A

First blood banks were set up

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12
Q

What development in blood transfusions happened in WW2?

A

Blood could be dehydrated into plasma and stored in wallets instead of bottles

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13
Q

When were different blood groups discovered?

A

1901

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14
Q

Name 3 modern surgical methods

A
  • Laser surgery
  • Radiation therapy
  • Keyhole surgery
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15
Q

What is laser surgery?

A

Surgery were tissue is cut with lasers, usually for eye surgery

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16
Q

Why is laser surgery good?

A

It is very precise

17
Q

What is keyhole surgery?

A

Surgery where only a small incision is made

18
Q

What is radiation therapy?

A

Cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells

19
Q

What problem with soldiers was there in the Boer War?

A

40% of volunteers were deemed unfit to serve

20
Q

What is Charles Booth known for?

A

Investigating poverty in London

21
Q

What were Booth’s findings in his report?

A
  • 31% of Londoners were living in poverty
  • 85% of poverty was due to unemployment and low wages
22
Q

What is Seebohm Rowntree known for?

A
  • Investigating poverty in York following Booth’s report
23
Q

What were Rowntree’s findings in his report?

A

28% of York was living in poverty

24
Q

List 5 principles of the Liberal Social Reforms

A
  • Free school meals
  • Medical checks in schools
  • National insurance introduced
  • Pensions introduced
  • Sick pay & unemployment pay
25
Q

When was The Beverage Report published?

A

1942

26
Q

What was William Beverage known for?

A

Producing The Beverage Report

27
Q

What did Beverage say in his report?

A
  • People should be free of the Five Giants of Poverty
  • The government should take charge of social security from the cradle to the grave
28
Q

What were the 5 Giants of Poverty?

A
  • Ignorance
  • Want
  • Disease
  • Idleness
  • Squalor
29
Q

What did The Beverage report lead to?

A

The introduction of the welfare state

30
Q

What did Booth and Rowntree’s reports lead to?

A

The Liberal Welfare Reforms

31
Q

What did the Welfare State include?

A
  • Introduction of the NHS
  • Introduction of benefits
  • Free universities
32
Q

When was the NHS set up?

A

1948

33
Q

Who implemented the NHS?

A

Aneurin Bevan

34
Q

What was the general concept of the NHS?

A

Healthcare that was free at the point of delivery

35
Q

What are the modern problems with health in the 21st century?

A
  • People eat too much
  • People drink too much alcohol
  • This has lead to more people who are obese or have heart disease

GCSE History (Medicine) (4 decks)

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