Renaissance 1500-1700 Flashcards
What does renaissance translate to in English
rebirth
why was this time period called the renaissance
rebirth of ancient ideas and people began to challenge them
With the church being less influential in this time period, what kind of approach to medicine did people believe in
a scientific approach
Did people still believe in miasma
yes
what was the main theory of causation when an epidemic would occur
miasma
did people still believe in the four humours
yes
what century did people stop believing in the four humours
1700
As fewer people believed in astrology, what did doctors stop using to diagnose patients with
astrology charts
As knowledge of digestion improved, physicians realised that urine wasn’t a good indicator of disease so thy stopped using _______
urine charts
why did doctors stop using astrology charts
less people believed in astrology as a cause of disease
why did doctors stop using urine charts
a bigger knowledge of digestion suggested that urine didn’t indicate disease
What was Thomas Sydenham’s nickname
the English Hippocrates
why was Thomas Sydenham know as the ‘English Hippocrates’
he had a huge influence on doctors
what was Thomas Sydenham’s job and where did he work
doctor in London
When did Thomas Sydenham publish his book, Observationes Medicae
1676
what did Thomas Sydenham write about in his book
he outlined his theories and observations
What was Thomas Sydenham’s main belief
that you shouldn’t base all your practises based on Galen
What was the disease that Sydenham was first to describe
Scarlet Fever
who was the first person to describe scarlet fever
Thomas Sydenham
Sydenham was against purging and bloodletting, what did he urge patients to do to get better
eat a good roast dinner and drink half a bottle of wine to build their strength
why did Sydenham tell patients to drink wine
it would help grow their strength
What did Charles II set up in 1660
Royal society
who set up the Royal Society in 1660
Charles II
when was the Royal Society created
1660
What group was Sydenham included in in 1660
royal society
What was the role of the Royal Society
spread all the latest breakthroughs across Europe
What did the Royal Society do to promote their ideas
published books, organised talks and created laboratories
who invented the printing press
Gutenberg
when was the printing press invented
1439
what did the printing press allow
many copies of texts (books) to be made in a short amount of time
How did the printing press affect the power of the Church
the church didn’t have to approve the idea now and it could be published without their permission
From 1665, the royal council invented the Philosophical Transactions, but what was it
scientists could share work allowing others to develop on the ideas which helped dismiss or confirm the ideas
how did the royal council help scientists
they were funded and sponsored by the royal council
In the medieval period, as well as treating patients, what else were hospitals used for
pilgrims and travellers to stay for the night
In 1500, what were hospitals mainly used for
treating patients
In 1536, Henry VIII released act of dissolution of lesser monasteries, but what else had shut down
many hospitals
What was a pest house
a place where people suffering particular contagious diseases could go for treatment
when hospitals were beginning to be re-built, who ran them
physicians
Because physicians were still very expensive, who would look after an ill patient and where
a female relative at home
How did people try and prevent miasma
through draining swamps and cleaning rubbish on streets
What was the theory of transference
a theory which saw people rub objects on them as they believed that the object would take the disease from the patient
Where did Vesalius study medicine
Paris University
What type of people did Vesalius dissect on
dead criminals
why did Vesalius dissect on dead criminals
they had a high heart rate
How many bones did Galen say made up the breast bone
7
how many bones did Vesalius say made up the breast bone
3
how many bones did Vesalius say made up the Jawbone
1
How many bones did Galen say made up the jawbone
3
What group supplied the dead criminals bodies for Vesalius
Christian Brotherhood
What did the Christian Brotherhood believe
that you couldn’t fully believe in god unless you followed him your whole life
What was the name of Vesalius’ book
the fabric of the human body
when did Vesalius publish his book, fabric of the human body
1543
In Vesalius’ book, he exposes Galen of making over ___ mistakes
200
How old was Vesalius when he created an anatomy school
24
What did Vesalius create at the age of 24
an anatomy school
After seeing the 200 mistakes made by Galen, the public began to ___________
challenge church
What is secularism
separation of Religion and state
When was the Great Plague
1665
What was the most common idea of what caused the Great Plague
Miasma
Name a common treatment during the Great Plague
Theory of Transference
What happened to dogs and cats during the Great Plague
killed
why were large gatherings such as theatres shut In the renaissance era
to stop the great plague spreading
Why did plague doctors wear duck beaks
birds were believed to attract disease so hopefully the disease would travel onto the beak and be destroyed
Where did Harvey study medicine
Cambridge University
What king was William Harvey a doctor of
James I
What was William Harvey’s job
an Anatomist
What did William Harvey dissect on
live animals and dead bodies
What did Harvey state about blood circulation
it circulated the body like a machine
Why did people stop seeing Harvey as a doctor
he was a madman
How many ounces of blood would Harvey take from his patients
6-10
What was the name of Harvey’s book
an anatomical motion of the heart and body
when did Harvey publish his book
1628
how many years after publish was Harvey’s book read in Paris University
about 50
What did Harvey prove about the heart
it was a pump
what did Harvey prove about veins
they carry blood and not air like galen said
Who proved that the 4 humours were wrong
Harvey
what was the significance of Harvey proving the 4 humours wrong
others could find other solutions to medicine
