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History Of Medicine - GCSE > Medieval Times Past-1500 > Flashcards

Medieval Times Past-1500 Flashcards

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1
Q

What group of people dominated medieval society

A

Christian Church

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2
Q

what was superstition

A

A belief based on God, witchcraft or astrology.

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3
Q

what was mass

A

Public worship in the Roman Catholic Church.

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4
Q

what was a urine chart

A

Used to examine urine to define illness.

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5
Q

what was a vademecum

A

A medieval medical book carried by doctors.

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6
Q

what is an epidemic

A

A widespread outbreak of a disease.

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7
Q

what is a monastery

A

A building where monks live, eat and pray.

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8
Q

what were the 4 humours

A

Phlegm, Black Bile, Yellow Bile, Blood

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9
Q

what is purging

A

To rid the body of an excess like blood or vomit.

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10
Q

what is leeching

A

The use of leeches for bloodletting.

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11
Q

what is cupping

A

Using glass cups to draw blood to the surface.

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12
Q

what is fasting

A

To avoid eating or drinking

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13
Q

what is a pilgrimage

A

A journey to a religious temple to show your love of God and cure illness.

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14
Q

what is astrology

A

the idea of alignment of stars and planets causing illness. It helped with diagnosis. Not new in 1250 but at black death, church accepted it more

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15
Q

what is miasma

A

Bad air which was blamed for spreading disease.

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16
Q

what is an apothecary

A

A medieval pharmacists or chemist.

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17
Q

What is a Wise Woman

A

A female healer who cured illnesses. They used herbal remedies.

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18
Q

what is a physician

A

A male medically trained doctor.

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19
Q

what is a barber surgeon

A

Untrained surgeon who practised basic surgery.

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20
Q

what is dissection

A

To cut open a human and examine the insides

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21
Q

what is an amulet

A

A charm that brought protection from disease.

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22
Q

what was the black death

A

A term to describe the bubonic plague.

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23
Q

who controlled the ideas of medicine

A

church

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24
Q

who ran education and learning of medicine

A

church

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25
Q

Did church allow challenging ideas

A

no.

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26
Q

was dissection allowed

A

it was discouraged

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27
Q

who were the only people who could read and write

A

Priests and monks

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28
Q

where were most books held

A

in monasteries

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29
Q

who was preferred by church, Galen or Hippocrates

A

Galen, his ideas of body having soul and god creating it as it is so perfect

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30
Q

Where were most hospitals held inside

A

monasteries and nunneries

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31
Q

What did Jesus expect everybody to do

A

care for the sick

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32
Q

Who was Hippocrates

A

An ancient greek doctor. Anti-god causing disease theories. believed physical causes and physical cures.

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33
Q

What were Hippocrates ideas for preventation of disease

A

exercise, rest,

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34
Q

What were Hippocrates ideas for the curing of disease

A

bleeding, purging to balance the humours

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35
Q

What is the Hippocrates oath

A

where doctors must sign to state they will respect life and prevent harm to the body

36
Q

what was clinical observation

A

the method of taking notes of symptoms, comparing to similar cases and then treating and diagnosing - Modern day way

37
Q

What were the four humours

A

they were 4 substances in your body believed to be the reason for illness. They must be balanced to stay healthy.

38
Q

Who made up the 4 humours theory

A

Hippocrates

39
Q

what period was the 4 humours theory still relevant up until

A

Middle Ages

40
Q

Who was Galen

A

A doctor in ancient Rome who wrote many books about medicine. Mainly developed Hippocrates’ ideas and Drew detailed diagrams of injured gladiators

41
Q

Who did Galen dissect upon

A

Gladiators and dead animals

42
Q

What 2 ideas of prevention did Galen support

A

purging and bloodletting

43
Q

Who invented the theory of opposites

A

Galen

44
Q

What was the theory of opposites

A

Where If you had a cold, you should eat something hot

45
Q

What is Miasma

A

where a bad smell is transmitting disease

46
Q

What caused miasma

A

God which indicated a sin

47
Q

What century saw miasma theories end

A

19th century

48
Q

What 2 rational treatments were most common in middle ages, linked to 4 humours

A

bloodletting and purging

49
Q

what was bloodletting

A

Releasing blood to make four humours equal again

50
Q

What 3 jobs performed bloodletting in general

A

Physicians, barber surgeons and non-medical persons

51
Q

What was purging

A

Way of re-balancing 4 humours making patients vomit or poo in the toilet.

52
Q

What did wise women and apothecaries give patients to purge

A

emetics

53
Q

What were common remedies

A

herbs, drank or bathed in or sniffed

54
Q

Who sold remedies

A

apothecaries

55
Q

What 4 things were religious treatments / preventions

A

praying, fasting, going on pilgrimages, paying for mass’ to be heard

56
Q

What did barber surgeons do

A

Bloodletter, Pulled teeth out, cut hair, basic surgery like amputations (low success rate)

57
Q

What did apothecaries do

A

Mixed medicines or ointments to make remedies based on doctors or their knowledge

58
Q

What did physicians do

A

diagnosed and gave treatments, or sent patients to barber surgeons or apothecaries,

59
Q

How much training did barber surgeons have

A

none

60
Q

how much training did physicians have

A

university and passed exams

61
Q

how much training did apothecaries have

A

training but no qualifications

62
Q

How was urine examined

A

urine charts in physicians vademecums. Urine tested by colour and taste

63
Q

how were zodiac charts used

A

Zodiac charts used to help diagnose illness and work out when to treat patients

64
Q

When was St Bartholomew’s Hospital made

A

1078

65
Q

What were hospitals mainly used for

A

hotels kind of for travellers and pilgrims

66
Q

Who was the god of healing

A

Asclepius

67
Q

When was the Black death

A

1348-49

68
Q

How much of the population of Britain was killed

A

nearly 1/3

69
Q

What disease was causing the Black Death epidemic

A

bubonic plague

70
Q

How was the disease spread

A

flees living on black rats

71
Q

What is flagellation

A

punishing yourself to prevent god giving disease

72
Q

How did people think religion caused the black death

A

God sent plague to punish for sins

73
Q

how did people think astrology caused the black death

A

Positioning of Mars, Saturn and Jupiter was unusual at the time

74
Q

How was miasma thought to have caused black death

A

Bad air caused from decaying rubbish

75
Q

how was volcanoes thought to have caused black death

A

poisonous gases caused from European volcanoes

76
Q

how was 4 humours thought to be cause of black death

A

Humours out of balance

77
Q

How were outsiders thought to be causing black death

A

strangers or witches caused disease

78
Q

How did praying and fasting avoid catching black death

A

Told god they were sorry for sins

79
Q

How did cleaning streets avoid black death

A

less likely that miasma would appear

80
Q

How did smelling toilets avoid black death

A

belief that it would overcome disease

81
Q

How did lighting a fire avoid black death

A

kept air moving around

82
Q

how did carrying herbs and spices avoid catching black death

A

bad air wasn’t breathed in

83
Q

Why was banning people in and out of villages good for avoiding the black death

A

Didn’t bring or let out any diseases

84
Q

What were the symptoms of the black death

A

Swelling into large lumps called buboes, Fever and chills, Headaches, vomiting and Diarrhoea and pain.

85
Q

What were treatments for the black death

A

Praying and holding lucky charms, Cutting open buboes to drain pus, Holding bread against buboes and then placing bread in the ground, Eating hot things and takings hot baths

History Of Medicine - GCSE (5 decks)

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