Renaissance 1500-1700 Flashcards
What does renaissance stand for
Rebirth, Mark Turner, changing peoples thinking, no longer such a strict respect for tradition and traditional theories, people search for change and medical adaptment
How did the black death help the renaissance period to develop?
Survivors were paid higher wages because employers had to attract workers in 10 people spend money on educating their children. More education means more challenges of medication. There was a renewed interest in all things Greek and Roman people read their books, looked ideas, buildings, and sculptures. This interest was helped by the development of printing, new additions of gallons book was published.
How did attitudes start to change
People started to ask questions of their own and challenge old and existing ideas. Once they start to ask questions, I realise that Galen had not known everything after all he had made mistakes battle between the traditional and new began.
Positive developments
Doctors so much more effective at diagnosing, illness, and disease, knowledge, and understanding about the human body increased dramatically during the renaissance period the power and influence of the church, starting to decrease meant progress could start
How did the Royal Society help discoveries
Contained people who had an interest in physics, botany, astronomy, medicine and other sciences attended weekly meetings in London to discuss new ideas conduct experiments and attended lectures. King Charles 2 further attended. Society had its own laboratory and equipment and published books and articles to spread ideas and discoveries.
How did the printing press help medical breakthroughs
Was invented in 1450s and was used throughout Europe by 1500. Books could be printed faster and more cheaply and could travel across the country more economically. Reading became more accessible and affordable.
Battle between the traditional theories and new began
Attitudes started to change- people started to question their own and challenged old and existing ideas. Once they started to question they realised Galen hasn’t known everything after all he had even made mistakes. Not everyone agreed though and some people still remained loyal to the church’s viewpoints.
How did the church lose influence and power
Not because of the scientific revolution but because of the concurrent movement called Protestant reformation and this improved how efficient the printing press and Royal Society could spread medical knowledge more easily.
When was the great plague and what problems remained
1665- treatments and preventions were still ineffective as they didn’t know what caused disease and ordinary people couldn’t receive proper medical care and treatment due to the expense.
Explain why the improvements of medical knowledge in 1500-1700( 12 marker)
Thomas Sydenham was known as the English Hippocrates, following on from the ancient philosophers ideas. Synonym believed in observing the symptoms of his patience right in the mall down. He uses to make links between certain Caesars on the symptoms of game along with them. And was able to take the first steps towards diagnosing certain diseases and treating patients accordingly. He also expressed the importance of this to students passing on his ideas and techniques. He famously said go to the bedside table students. Synonym also believed in the importance of being comfortable whilst your poorly. Telling his patients to have some wine and chicken dinner as he believed patient should fight the disease themselves building up the immune system.
Printing press was made in 1450 and change the way that medical ideas were spread. Previously Tuyet, monks with some of the only people that Wrote ideas down as they were highly educated. He also meant that it was the churches ideas that are published something. Only change your medical ideas. However, with the printing press available positions able to publish their work and spread their ideas to others positions further each other’s ideas and experiments. This led to medical beliefs steering away from those of the church and focusing on positions improvement in communications, improved medical knowledge.
Finally, Andreas Vesalius what is an important figure for the furtherance of medical knowledge during the renaissance. He carried out dissections of human bodies in order to develop our understanding and record findings to publish them by doing so he went against the galen based ideas of the church. However, he did to prove them wrong. Galen carried out its dissections on animals, which have a different anatomy to humans, meaning no medical knowledge was gained from Galen. Vesalius was able to prove Galen‘s ideas wrong such as the jawbone is made up of one bone, not to the sternum is made up of three bones, not seven, he published his findings in a book, called the fabric of the human body helping to advance medical knowledge during written renaissance.
Renaissance treatments
Still preferred familiar cheap remedies, bleeding and purging still common as people believed im four humours, wise women, treatments in hospitals tended to be herbal remedies, hospitals provided food, warmth and prayer , town councils started to look after elderly poor in almshouses, surgeons could still only perform basic surgery- removing surface tumours, sewing up wounds, amputation, no real knowledges of anaesthetics or the body to perform more complex operations.
Change in renaissance period
New ideas about science encouraged people to challenge old ideas. Development of printing spread details of new ideas and discoveries far faster than the past. Doctors such as Thomas Sydenham were more prepared to learn from their daily experience rather than from books. Discoveries in other areas of Science such as astronomy encouraged doctors to seek new knowledge in medicine. Groups such as the Royal Society helped to spread news of new experiments and discoveries. Technology was gradually improving so that new equipment such as microscopes made new discoveries possible( change but no progress yet)
Continuity in the renaissance period
There were still very few trained doctors and scientists so there were very few people to try and find new ideas. Some herbal remedies worked and encouraged people to keep to old ways of treating illness. Work of Galen and other ancient doctors was still a central part of medical training for doctors. Doctors had believed in the complete accuracy of galens work for so long that it was hard to change that veiw. Government didn’t spend money on trying to improve people’s health or finding out more about medicine apart from when there was a major outbreak of plague. Church was still powerful and people were told that god controlled every aspect of life. New discoveries by Vesalius and Harvey didn’t improve anyone’s health. Ideas about what caused disease hasn’t changed despite changes in thinking. Methods of preventing spread of the plague were already carefully thought out and organised.
What did the inventors of some life hanging controversial experiments use but were unsuccessful
Rational ideas based on logic.
Reasons why overall there as little change, people continued to believe the main causes of disease were due to god, the four humours, miasma. When the plague broke out in 1665 treatments were ineffective as theee outdated beliefs.
Limited technology and training- small number of trained doctors and at the end of the renaissance only Cambridge used Vesalius diagrams(theory of opposites charts)
Control from the church- although the rich and educated questioned the church many still feared to question gods trepidation.
Preference to use cheap familiar herbal remedies- miasma belief, pomanders and thyme, enemas, unbalanced humours and bleeding and purging
Opposites to new ideas and discoveries
There was still lots to learn only short term health benefits being created
Discoveries about anatomy and physiology had little relevance to causes of disease
