Medicine Through Time- Medieval Medicne

Question 1

Medieval church

Answer 1

Official religion of Britain was Roman Catholic. Daily life was dominated by religion. Controlled education and people feared gods punishment

Question 2

Medieval power

Answer 2

King had total power but the church considerable control. Both weren’t objected to or questioned

Question 3

Superstition

Answer 3

Belief, not based on knowledge but on the supernatural. Witchcraft and astrology

Question 4

Astrology

Answer 4

Study of planets and their effect on humans

Question 5

Four humours

Answer 5

First suggested by Greek doctor Hippocrates. Stated the body contained four humours, black bile yellow bile blood and phlegm. If you became ill, it was because one of the humours had become unbalanced to get better. You need to rebalance them.

Question 6

Galen

Answer 6

Greek doctor said that to get better if the humours were unbalanced you should treat them with the opposites. To cure a cold use hot.

Question 7

Pilgrimage

Answer 7

Journey to a religious shrine and relics to your love of god and to cure an illness.

Question 8

Miasma

Answer 8

Bad air which blamed for spreading disease

Question 9

Purging

Answer 9

To Rid the body of an excess like blood of vomit.

Question 10

Leeching

Answer 10

The use of leeches for bloodletting removal of bad blood from the body

Question 11

Apothecary

Answer 11

A medieval pharmacist or chemist

Question 12

Wise woman

Answer 12

Female healer who used folk medicine and herbal remedies to cure illness

Question 13

Physician

Answer 13

A male medically trained doctor

Question 14

Barber surgeon

Answer 14

Untrained surgeon who practice surgery illegally

Question 15

Dissection

Answer 15

To cut open a human and examine the insides for human discovery

Question 16

Trepanning

Answer 16

Cutting a hole in the skull

Question 17

Hippocrarates and galens influence

Answer 17

People in Middle Ages respected traditional ideas. Both doctors had come up with their theories on illness and medicine thousands of years before we were still very influential in the middle ages. The church also support their teachings and said their findings accurate. People wouldn’t change due to fear of consulting God, which equals eternal damnation in hell.

Question 18

Galen

Answer 18

Made new discoveries about the anatomy of the body. He built on the work of Hippocrates. He believed that it was very important to dissect dead bodies they could understand how the body worked. However, the church of the Middle Ages forbid This seen as a sin

Question 19

Why was the theory of the four humours so popular?

Answer 19

It was supported by the church. Doctors didn’t not dare search for or start using alternative ideas because to go against the church was called heresy you could be punished. It seem to make sense when a patient was sick after saw one of the four humours sometimes treatments worked, it seemed a rational. Hippocrates and Galen gave good advice. They told doctors to observe patients and write down symptoms. This was reassuring.

Question 20

What people at the time believed cause disease in the Middle Ages

Answer 20

Gods punishment from their sins, pungent repulsive smells all miasma, supernatural, witchcraft, astronomy planets not aligned, four humours. Leppers contaminating the water, superstition of looking at someone infected, punishment for non believers.

Question 21

How did people in the Middle Ages tried to treat it

Answer 21

Holly charms around the neck of the forest, prayed to God to heal the sick, and for forgiveness could open buboes to let out the post. This links to opposite theory, leading and purging treatments involving Galen theory of opposites carry poses or herbs and spices flagellants whipping themselves reciting prayers. Herbal remedies, small hospitals, barber surgery bleeding and purging

Question 22

How does people in the Middle Ages try to prevent illness?

Answer 22

In closing your airways of cloth to stop bad air, prayer from pestilence boarded houses up, combustion lighting, fires to breathe and smoke not miasma clean infected bodies away, playing repenting their sins, rakers fasted to punish themselves pilgrimages

Question 23

Who was disease diagnosed by?

Answer 23

For wealthy people, it was diagnosed by physicians, and for the poor in local apothecaries

Question 24

Why weren’t the beliefs proved wrong

Answer 24

Traditional theories could be proved wrong, turning against epocrates was against the Church of God. There’s no medical knowledge or Technological advancements to prove scientific theories wrong

Question 25

Mediaeval treatments, hospitals

Answer 25

Appeared in towns in the 11th century, mostly cared for older people who couldn’t look after themselves. They were run by monks and nuns, who provided food, warmth and prayers. They really admitted the sick in case they spread infection. One famous early Hospital is Saint bartholemews. Other hospitals are found by gills organisations of wealthier towns people by 1400/500 hospitals with only 516 beds. Occasionally hospitals were set up to care for particular cases.

Question 26

Mediaeval treatments, physicians and doctors

Answer 26

They trained at universities for seven years reading books by Hippocrates Galen, an Arab medical writers. If you are in 100 in England, 1300 only rich could afford

Question 27

Mediaeval treatment surgery

Answer 27

Barber surgeons didn’t go to university but apprenticed. They did basic surgeries such as bleeding, removing surface area, tumours, throwing up wounds, making splints for fractures, but they had no effective anaesthetics to amputated limb, or remove bladder stones. They used by needles to remove cataracts from eyes.

Question 28

Mediaeval treatments, apothecaries

Answer 28

Mixed ingredients to make appointments and medicines for physicians made own medicines for the sick

Question 29

Mediaeval treatments, herbal remedies

Answer 29

Honey and plantain or often used in treatments for cuts rooms as they contain ingredients which fight infection

Question 30

Mediaeval treatments, bleeding

Answer 30

Leading you around in zodiac charts with the most common illustrations in medical books bleeding was done by cutting and Leeches bleeding and purge of the stomach. We used to rebalance the human ears. They believed the parts of the body were linked to zodiacs and the planets astrology.

Question 31

Mediaeval treatments, women, wives, mothers, and midwives

Answer 31

Treated most illnesses, and knew a wide range of remedies. Local wise women were called for his skills and knowledge. Midwives were apprenticed license and paid, but they weren’t allowed to become physicians.

Question 32

Some mediaeval treatments

Answer 32

Urine testing to physicians guides to healthy, living, keeping towns sanitary piped, water supply system, built public latrines. Small numbers of breakers were employed to clean. The streets laws passed to punish train, waste, monasteries and towns, collaborated to bring fresh water to Wells through lead pipes. Cesspits were built with stone are brakes are less likely to leak make butchers Butcher meet outside city walls

Question 33

Why were there was so little change in medical ideas in the Middle Ages? education

Answer 33

The church controlled education, health physicians were trained at universities. Doctors training included analysing the books of Hippocrates and Galen alongside other Arab. Doctors doctors weren’t encouraged to experiment or think for themselves about what cause disease and how to treat diseases. Doctors studied anatomy doctors attended dissections, but they weren’t intending to make new discoveries. They demonstrated that girl and descriptions were correct. Conservative attitude seem to be evidence to prove that idea is correct. For example, the four humours explanation and theory that idea seems logical and reassuring if you were sick in 1470. Books were handwritten not published until 1470, preventing investigation and Road opinions from spreading allowing the church and monks complete control.

Question 34

Why was a little change in mediaeval time churches control?

Answer 34

Was only one religious organisation, the Catholic Church founded in Rome, Italy, as a result of the churches power and influence their controlled individuals opinions by preaching God created all human beings, including disease. Citizens beg for forgiveness and mercy from the plague, living in trepidation from conspiracy of your sins, consequences and the continuous punishment in the afterlife, Hell was portrayed as the undetermined destiny of challenges of God whilst mosaics parish wall paintings and recusancy rumours haunted families. The belief of excruciating pain was so realistic people in mid evil ages, did not seek further explanations are causes.

Question 35

Why there is so little change in medical ID is in the Middle Ages Kings control

Answer 35

Institutions commands, and the Kings priorities didn’t include technological advancements for cures for disease and alternatives of how disease was produced. People in power focus their attention on protection, police and army development. Instead of villages taxes for health benefits disproves hierarchies concerns weren’t with the peoples physical state that to absorbed within his own beneficial status in battles in battles.

Question 36

William Harvey discoveries

Answer 36

Discoveries-blood circulated around the body not passed through the size of the heart by holes in septum. In 1628 he published the theory and anatomical account of motion of the heart and blood proved Galen‘s ideas were wrong on the liver, he dissected reptiles slow down, and showed each muscle of the heart proved the body had one-way systems for blood and valves.