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DIT Nephrology > Ren 2 - Glomerular Physiology > Flashcards

Ren 2 - Glomerular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the total percent of water in the body is extracellular fluid? How much is intracellular?

A

[60-40-20]
One third of all the fluid in the body is extracellular fluid. The remaining two thirds is intracellular.

-60 percent is total water: 40% is intracellular, 20% is extracellular fluid.

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2
Q

What are the two components that make up the extracellular fluid?

A

The 75% of it is Interstitial fluid and the other 25% is plasma volume.

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3
Q

How do we calculate renal clearance?

A

UV/P.

  • U: urine [particular substance] (mg/mL).
  • V: urine flow rate (mL/min).
  • P: [plasma] (mg/mL).
  • UV: excretion rate.
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4
Q

How do we calculate renal excretion rate?

A

Urine [particle substance] (mg/ml) times Urine flow rate (mL/min).

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5
Q

How much of your total body weight is water?

A

It is about 60 percent.

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6
Q

What does it mean when clearance of a substance is less than GFR?

A

Some of the substance is being reabsorbed by the tubules.

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7
Q

What does it mean when the clearance of a substance is greater than the GFR?

A

Some of the substance in the blood is also being secreted by the tubules.

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8
Q

What would be a normal GFR?

A

Around 90-135 mL/min.

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9
Q

What is an easy way to estimate GFR and why?

A

Measure Creatinine levels because it is not reabsorbed by tubules and a tiny amount is secreted by tubules.

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10
Q

What is renal plasma flow (RPF)?

A

It takes consideration of both the blood going to the glomeruli and blood going to the tubules.

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11
Q

How do we estimate Renal plasma flow (RPF) and why?

A

We use para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) to estimate RPF because it is filtered by glomerulus and secreted in proximal tubule.
-PRF= (UPAH x V)/ PPAH.
UPAH: Clearance of PAH
PPAH: P of PAH.

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12
Q

What is the filtration fraction (FF)?

A

Portion of blood going to the kidney that is filtered through the glomerulus.
FF=GFR/RPF.

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13
Q

What does constriction of the afferent arteriole do to the GFR, RBF, and FF?

A

GFR: decrease
RBF: decrease
FF: same

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14
Q

What does constriction of the efferent arteriole do to the GFR, RBF, and FF?

A

GFR: increase
RBF: decrease
FF: Increase.

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15
Q

What does dilation of the afferent arteriole do to the GFR, RBF, and FF?

A

GFR: Increase.
RBF: Increase.
FF: Same.

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16
Q

What does dilation of the efferent arterioledo to the GFR, RBF, and FF?

A

GFR: Decrease.
RBF: Increase.
FF: Decrease.

17
Q

What does increase in serum protein do to the GFR, RBF, and FF?

A

GFR: Decrease.
RBF: Same
FF: Decrease.

18
Q

What does ureter stone obstriction do to the GFR, RBF, and FF?

A

GFR: Decrease.
RBF: Same.
FF: Decreased.

19
Q

What does do ACE inhibitors do to the GFR, RBF, and FF?

A

GFR: Decrease.
RBF: Increase.
FF: Decrease.

20
Q

What does NSAIDS do to the GFR, RBF, and FF?

A

GFR: Decrease.
RBF: Decrease.
FF: Same.

21
Q

What is the equation to find filtered load?

A

GFR x Plasma concentration of substance.

22
Q

What is the equation for excretion rate?

A

Urine concentration x urine flow rate.

23
Q

What is the equation for reabsorbed substance in the kidney?

A

Filtered - excreted.

24
Q

What is the equation for secretion in the kidney?

A

Excreted - filtered.

25
Q

How is Glucose treated in the glomerulous?

A

It is freely filtered. It must be reabsorbed by renal tubules (above 160 before it starts leaking glucose into the urine). There is a sodium-glucose co transporter in the Proximal convoluted tubules (they become fully saturated at 350, spilling a lot more glucose in the urine).

26
Q

How is amino acid treated in the glomerulus?

A

It is freely filtered in the glomerulus. It must be reabsorbed by renal tubules. There are three carrier systems to collect them: one for positively charged amino acids, one for negatively charged, and one for neutral.

27
Q

What is Hartnup disease?

A

It is a disease characterized by the deficiency of transporters for neutral amino acids (particularly tryptophan) in the proximal convoluted tubule. And when you don’t have tryptophan, you can’t make niacin, which leads to pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia).

28
Q

A patient weights 100kg. What is the estimated plasma volume?

A

Extracellular fluid is estimated to be 20%. Of that extracellular fluid, only 25% of it is plasma. So plasma is 5L.

29
Q

What effect would a renal stone obstructing the ureter have on GFR and FF?

A

Decrease the GRF and decrease FF.

30
Q

What is the maximum serum glucose concentration that glucose can still be absorbed in the tubules?

A

It is 160. Maximum saturation is 350 mg/dL.

31
Q

What vitamin deficiency results from Hartnup disease?

A

Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency.

DIT Nephrology (9 decks)

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