Remember Stuff

Question 1

In the equation pV=nRT what are the units

Answer 1

p - Pa
V- m3
T - K +273 but not if using a difference in temp

Question 2

cm3 to dm3

Answer 2

divide by 1000

Question 3

dm3 to m3

Answer 3

divide by 1000

Question 4

What is the name and bonding angles for a molecule with

2 regions of electron density

Answer 4

• Linear
• 120

Question 5

What is the name and bonding angles for a molecule with

3 regions of electron density

Answer 5

• Trigonal Planar
• 109.5

Question 6

What is the name and bonding angles for a molecule with

4 regions of electron density

Answer 6

• Tetrahedral
• 109.5

Question 7

What is the name and bonding angles for a molecule with

5 regions of electron density

Answer 7

• Trigonal Bipyramidal
• 90
• 120

Question 8

What is the name and bonding angles for a molecule with

6 regions of electron density

Answer 8

• Octahedral
• 90

Question 9

By how much is the bonding angle reduced for every lone pair

Answer 9

2.5

Question 10

What is the Carbonate Test

Answer 10

• Add dilute nitric Acid
• Positive Result - Bubbles of gas

Question 11

What is the Sulphate Test

Answer 11

• Add Barium Nitrate
• Positive Result - White Precipitate

Question 12

What is the halide Test

Answer 12

• Add silver nitrate solution to a test tube
• Positive result:
  * Cl- White Precipitate - soluble in d. NH3
  * Br- Cream Precipitate - soluble in c. NH3
  * I- Yellow Precipitate - insoluble in c. NH3

Question 13

What is the order of the Anion tests

Answer 13

1. Carbonate
2. Sulphates
3. Halide

Question 14

What is the Ammonium Test

Answer 14

• Add aq NaOH
• Positive result - Gas released turns moist litmus paper blue

Question 15

How do you go from an Alkene to an alcohol

Answer 15

• H20 Steam
• H3PO4 Catalyst

Question 16

How do you go from an alkane to a haloalkane and what is the name of the mechanism

Answer 16

• Halogen
• UV
• Radical Substitution

Question 17

How do you go from an Alkene to an Alkane and what is the name of the reaction

Answer 17

• H2
• Ni Catalyst
• Hydrogenation

Question 18

How do you go from an alkene to a haloalkane and what is the name of the mechanism

Answer 18

• Hydrogen Halide / Halogen
• Electrophillic Addition

Question 19

How do you go from an alcohol to an alkene

Answer 19

• Add c. H2SO4 or c. H3PO4
• Reflux

Question 20

How do you go from a halolkane to an alcohol and what is the name of the mechanism

Answer 20

• NaOH (aq)
• Reflux
• Nucleophillic Substitution

Question 21

How do you go from an alcohol to a haloalkane

Answer 21

• Sodium Halide
• H2SO4
• Reflux

Question 22

How do you go from a Primary alcohol to a Carboxyllic Acid

Answer 22

• Acidified Dichromate Ions
• Reflux

Question 23

How do you go from a Secondary Alcohol to a ketone

Answer 23

• Acidified Dichromate Ions
• Reflux

Question 24

How do you go from a Primary Alcohol to an aldehyde

Answer 24

• Acidified Dichromate Ions
• Distill

Question 25

How do you go from an aldehyde to a Carboxylic Acid

Answer 25

Acidified Dichromate Ions

Question 26

Show the catalysis of the breakdown of ozone by radical X

Answer 26

X· + O3 → XO· + O2
XO· + O → X· + O2
Overall : O3 + O → 2O2

Question 27

Write the equations of the radical substitution of C5H12 with Br2

Answer 27

1. Initiation
   * Br–Br –> Br· + Br·
2. Propagation
   * C5H12 + Br· –> ·C5H11 + HBr·
   * ·C5H11 + Br2 –> C5H11Br + Br·
3. Termination
   * Br· + Br· –> Br2
   * ·C5H11 + Br· –> C5H11Br
   * ·C5H11 + ·C5H11 –> C10H22

Overall
C5H12 + Br2 –> C5H11Br + HBr