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Chemistry > Chapter 11 Basic Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Basic Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

A compound containing Carbon and Hydrogen only

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2
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon that only has Carbon-Carbon bonds

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3
Q

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon that has carbon carbon double bonds or triple bonds

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4
Q

What is a homologous series

A

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a –CH2- group

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5
Q

What are the first 3 members of the homologous series of the alkanes

A
  1. methane
  2. ethane
  3. propane
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6
Q

What is a functional group

A

A part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties

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7
Q

What 3 ways can Hydrocarbons be classified

A
  • Aliphatic
  • Alicyclic
  • Aromatic
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8
Q

What is an Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

A

The carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings

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9
Q

What is an Alicyclic Hydrocarbon

A

The carbon atoms are joined to each other in a non-aromatic ring, with or without branches

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10
Q

What is an Aromatic Hydrocarbon

A

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

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11
Q

What is an alkane

A

containing single carbon-to-carbon bonds

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12
Q

What is an alkene

A

contains at least one double carbon-to-carbon bond

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13
Q

What is an alkyne

A

contains at least one triple carbon-to-carbon bond

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14
Q

What is the molecular formula

A

the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule

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15
Q

What is the empirical formula

A

the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound

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16
Q

What is the general formula

A

the simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series

17
Q

What is the displayed formula

A

shows the relative positioning of all of the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

18
Q

What is the structural formula

A

uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

19
Q

What are the 2 types of isomer

A
  • Structural Isomer
  • Stereoisomer
20
Q

What is structural isomerism

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

21
Q

What is stereoisomerism

A

Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in 3D space

22
Q

What are the 3 different types of structural isomerism

A
  • Chain isomerism
  • Position isomerism
  • Functional group isomerism
23
Q

What are the 2 types of stereoisomerism

A
  • E/Z isomerism
  • Optical Isomerism
24
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

a shared pair of electrons between two bonding atoms

25
Q

What is homolytic fission

A

each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond

26
Q

What is Heterolytic Fission

A

One of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond

27
Q

What is an addition reaction

A

Two reactant molecules join together to form one product

28
Q

What is a substitution reaction

A

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

29
Q

What is an elimination reaction

A

A small molecule is removed from a larger molecule

30
Q

What is a sigma bond

A

A sigma bond is the overlap of atomic orbitals
directly between the bonding atoms

Chemistry (16 decks)

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