Chapter 11 Basic Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A compound containing Carbon and Hydrogen only

Question 2

What is a saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 2

A hydrocarbon that only has Carbon-Carbon bonds

Question 3

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 3

A hydrocarbon that has carbon carbon double bonds or triple bonds

Question 4

What is a homologous series

Answer 4

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a –CH2- group

Question 5

What are the first 3 members of the homologous series of the alkanes

Answer 5

1. methane
2. ethane
3. propane

Question 6

What is a functional group

Answer 6

A part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties

Question 7

What 3 ways can Hydrocarbons be classified

Answer 7

• Aliphatic
• Alicyclic
• Aromatic

Question 8

What is an Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

Answer 8

The carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings

Question 9

What is an Alicyclic Hydrocarbon

Answer 9

The carbon atoms are joined to each other in a non-aromatic ring, with or without branches

Question 10

What is an Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Answer 10

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

Question 11

What is an alkane

Answer 11

containing single carbon-to-carbon bonds

Question 12

What is an alkene

Answer 12

contains at least one double carbon-to-carbon bond

Question 13

What is an alkyne

Answer 13

contains at least one triple carbon-to-carbon bond

Question 14

What is the molecular formula

Answer 14

the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule

Question 15

What is the empirical formula

Answer 15

the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 16

What is the general formula

Answer 16

the simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series

Question 17

What is the displayed formula

Answer 17

shows the relative positioning of all of the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

Question 18

What is the structural formula

Answer 18

uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

Question 19

What are the 2 types of isomer

Answer 19

• Structural Isomer
• Stereoisomer

Question 20

What is structural isomerism

Answer 20

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 21

What is stereoisomerism

Answer 21

Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in 3D space

Question 22

What are the 3 different types of structural isomerism

Answer 22

• Chain isomerism
• Position isomerism
• Functional group isomerism

Question 23

What are the 2 types of stereoisomerism

Answer 23

• E/Z isomerism
• Optical Isomerism

Question 24

What is a covalent bond

Answer 24

a shared pair of electrons between two bonding atoms

Question 25

What is homolytic fission

Answer 25

each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond

Question 26

What is Heterolytic Fission

Answer 26

One of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond

Question 27

What is an addition reaction

Answer 27

Two reactant molecules join together to form one product

Question 28

What is a substitution reaction

Answer 28

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

Question 29

What is an elimination reaction

Answer 29

A small molecule is removed from a larger molecule

Question 30

What is a sigma bond

Answer 30

A sigma bond is the overlap of atomic orbitals directly between the bonding atoms