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1 - Philosophy > Religous Language > Flashcards

Religous Language Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive statements

A

True or false

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2
Q

Non cognitive statements

A

Opinion or subjective, not true or false

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3
Q

Religious language

Richard Dawkins

A

Religious language is cognitive and false

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4
Q

Religious language

Via Negativa

A

Process of negation, working out what God is not

It’s not possible to say what he is, he’s beyond our understanding

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5
Q

Religious language

Mysticism and Via Negativa

A

Knowledge only comes from mystical experiences

Negation via meditation etc

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6
Q

Religious language

Neoplatonism on Via Negativa

A

Plotinus

God is beyond description and language

Image less and apopthatic meditation

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7
Q

Religious language

Pseudo Dionysius on Via Negativa

A

Language becomes restricted as thought becomes more complex

All terms must be denied of God

All language to describe God is evocative and non cognitive

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8
Q

Religious language

Process of Via Negativa

A

1- Start with the assertions of the lowest of creatures

2- Progress to deny god of the attributes of these creatures

3- Ascend into the divine realm via progressive denials

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9
Q

Religious language

Moses Maimonides on Via Negativa

A

Denying every attribute of god brings you closer to him

Talking of god in any other way anthropomorphises him which of forbidden for Jews

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10
Q

Religious language

Aquinas on Via Negativa

A

First cause underpasses human understanding and speech

Must acknowledge what falls short of what god is

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11
Q

Religious language

WR Inge criticism of Via Negativa

A

To deny god his positive descriptions would annihilate the relationship between god and man

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12
Q

Religious language

Pros of Via Negativa

A

Human ideas of God are poor

Positive talk limits him to a body and human attributes

Allows understanding of equivocal language

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13
Q

Religious language

Cons of Via Negativa

A

Is the highest reality is beyond words why speak of it

Says nothing about god, just things about nothing

Undermines the positive descriptions of god in scripture

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14
Q

Religious language

Via positiva

A

Cataphatic way

Positive language to describe God

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15
Q

Religious language

Eastern Orthodox Church on Via Negativa and Positiva

A

Use via Negativa and positiva

Theosis - unity of god

Leads to an ultimate understanding

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16
Q

Religious language

Pierre Teilhard on Via positiva

A

Finding god through our material sense is gods plan

It make senses to talk of Gods love through the love we experience

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17
Q

Religious language

Aquinas on Via possitiva/ analogy

A

We can speak analogically of god because he is the cause of all things

Eg) ‘God is good’ is okay because he created goodness

We understand God’s perfection and use our language as analogies

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18
Q

Religious language

Aquinas analogy of attribution

A

When one thing is applied to a second thing because one causes the other

Eg) a sickly look due to sickness

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19
Q

Religious language

Aquinas analogy of proportionality

A

A word referring to a quality that a thing possesses in proportion to its reality

We understand god as all powerful with our human idea is power, god is proportionally more powerful

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20
Q

Religious language

Hume criticism of Aquinas on analogy/ Via possitiva

A

All descriptions of god fall into the danger of anthropomorphism

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21
Q

Religious language

Ian Ramsey concept of analogy

A

Models = our idea of things like goodness

Qualifiers- gods ideas, the qualifier is infinity, gods greatness is infinitely greater than ours

22
Q

Religious language

C Brown on analogy

A

God has travelled himself in action therefore can be described analogically

23
Q

Religious language

Criticisms of analogy

A

Analogy presupposes the existence of God

Analogy must lead to shared understanding, not possible when talking of God as he’s beyond human understanding

24
Q

Religious language

Aquinas crit of equivocal language

A

Conveys no info about god

There is a link between god and humans

25
Q

Religious language

Aquinas crit of univocal language

A

Fails to take into account the transcendence of god

26
Q

Religious language

Remotion and excellence in language

A

All creaturely concepts are removed from a word so the quality has no defects when applied to god

27
Q

Religious language

Symbols

A

Carry Emotional powerful messages

28
Q

Religious Language

Paul Tillich on symbolic language

A

Symbolic language transcends the capacity of any finite reality to express it directly

Religious language goes beyond the external world and into the internal reality

29
Q

Religious language

JR Randall on symbolic language

A

Religious language isn’t factual it takes us beyond the ultimate reality

30
Q

Religious language

Erika Schubert on symbolic language

A

Symbol expresses what is beyond rational recognition

Distinguishes humans from animals

31
Q

Religious language

Raran Williams on symbolic language

A

Religious language needs a symbolic foundation

32
Q

Religious language

Criticism of symbols- P Edwards

A

Symbols do not convey factual info = meaningless

Can’t be verified empirically

33
Q

Religious language

Verification principle

A

Verified statements are meaningful

34
Q

Religious language

Schlick on VP

A

Pointless to talk of anything that can’t be proved empirically

35
Q

Religious language

3 forms of verifiable statements in VP

A

Analytical
Synthetic
Mathematical

36
Q

Religious language

AJ Ayer on VP

A

Talk of god must be nonsensical

The notion of a person who’s essential attributes are not empirical is not an intelligent notion

37
Q

Religious language

Keith ward crit of VP

A

Just because we can’t verify god doesn’t mean he isn’t verifiable

“If I were god I could verify my own existence”

38
Q

Religious language

Criticisms of VP - Richard Holder

A

Vp creates false conclusions

Assumes polar bears are all white, and a brown chimpanzee proves polar bears are white

39
Q

Religious language

AJ Ayers weak verification principle

A

A statement has a form of observation acting as proof

Allows historical statements

40
Q

Religious Language

Criticism of weak VP - Keith Ward

A

VP excludes nothing since all experiences are allowable under weak vp

40
Q

Religious language

Falsification principle - Anthony Flew

A

Religious statements have no facts

Statements only meaningful if evidence can count against it

Religious believers will never let anything discredit their beliefs

41
Q

Religious language

Criticisms of FP - Hick

A

Eschatological verification - religious statements are proved/disproved upon death

41
Q

Religious language

Swinburne crit of FP

A

We can never prove toys move when we aren’t looking

We understand the meaning behind the concept of them moving even if we can’t falsify the act

44
Q

Religious language

Crit of FP - Basil Mitchell

A

Partisan and stranger parable

Meets a double agent, tho their actions suggest he is on the opposite side, the person knows they are truthfully on their side

Can’t be proved false - therefore religious statements are factual

45
Q

Religious language

Wittgenstein on language

A

Language creates imagery that differs from person to person

Coherence of truth - a word has meaning if it has meaning to you

46
Q

Religious language

DZ Phillips in support of Wittgenstein

A

Religious statements are expressions of opinion

47
Q

Religious language

Crit of DZ Phillips

A

Rules out gods existence as flawed belief

48
Q

Religious language

Hare crit of FP- BLIKs

A

Things are meaningful to those who believe in them

49
Q

Religious language

Language games - Ludwig Wittgenstein

A

Language is a game with rules, those outside the game don’t understand the rules

Problems occur when language is used outside its own set of rules

Non cognitive

50
Q

Religious language

John hick criticism of BLIKs

A

There are sane and insane BLIKs, which is which in religion?

51
Q

Religious language

Pros of language games

A

Mc cutcheon - “you can do that = you can say that”

52
Q

Religious language

Cons of language games

A

All humans are part of different games, must have common ground for all

1 - Philosophy (10 decks)

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