Religion Theorists Flashcards
Who developed Teleological Ethics
Aristotle
Aristotle believed humans are _________ & __________________.
Rational, Intelligent
Why are goals/aim necessary according to Aristotle?
Helps attain what we want, without aim there is no happiness.
How do we develop good habits?
Developing good habits is based on rational actions.
To become virtuous you must …..
continuously choose to do the virtuous thing until it becomes a habit.
Who created the Doctrine of the Mean?
Aristotle
What is the Doctrine of the Mean?
Actions should be done in moderation.
What is an example of the Doctrine of the Mean?
Stinginess – Generosity – Extravagance.
What theorist developed a practical application of philosophy/ethics?
Kant
What was the name of Kant’s ethics?
Deontological Ethics
What philosopher concerned himself with one’s duty?
Kant.
What were the three pillars of Kant’s ethics that help us reach supreme good?
God = Needed to help achieve supreme good.
Freedom = Choose to be good because it is our duty.
Immortality = A life beyond to achieve good.
The will to do our duty because it is our duty.
Goodwill
Everyone has the __________ to act according to their Goodwill.
Autonomy
What is moral worth measured by?
The motive behind the action.
What are actions based on according to Kant?
Maxims.
(A person shouldn’t base their actions on their own personal motives but on ethical maxims.)
What is an ethical maxim?
The principle that applies to every rational person.
What does Kant say about lying.
Lying takes away others freedom to choose to do good.
Who said that you can’t treat people as a means to an end?
Kant
Kant believes you must treat everyone with ________ & ___________.
Respect, dignity.
Who developed relational ethics?
Levinas
What was Levinas’s main concern?
To maintain the uniqueness of a thought or action.
Who said traces of God/Good are in all things?
Levinas
Traces = __________
God = __________
Finite, Infinite
The face is the most ___________ part of the body.
Naked
The eyes penetrate all ______ and have immediate contact with ___ ____________.
Masks, The Other.
Uniqueness grants us ________.
Respect.
What does the Other expect from us?
(3 things)
Respect, uniqueness, and authority.
Is the Other superior to us?
Yes, the Other is our superior.
What does the Other give us/make us?
The other gives us freedom and responsibility, it makes us aware of our actions.
The Other aims to show us that we aren’t ________.
Innocent.
What is goodness according to Levinas?
Responsibility for the Other.
How does God reach/touch us?
Through the Other.
